Empire Files: Israelis Speak Candidly to Abby Martin About Palestinians
TeleSUR English
1,304,811 views Oct 2, 2017
On the streets of Jerusalem, Abby Martin interviews Jewish Israeli citizens from all walks of life. In several candid interviews, disturbing comments reveal commonly-held views about Palestinians and their future in the region.
Israeli-born human rights activist and anti-Zionist, Ronnie Barkan, explains why these attitudes dominate Israeli society.
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Transcript
Chapter 1: Introduction
0:00[Music]
0:1919 seconds[Music]
0:2121 seconds[Applause]
0:2525 secondson September 12th an Israeli Knesset party approved a plan to annex all of the occupied territories that would
0:3232 secondserase Palestine completely this is considered an extremist solution to a conflict that has spanned decades and the so called key to peace in the Middle
0:4040 secondsEast but how did Jewish Israeli citizens feel those who are not in the government or living in illegal settlements last
0:4949 secondsyear I traveled around the West Bank to release a series for the Empire files in the plight of Palestinians featuring their voices and stories but I also want
0:5757 secondsto speak to averages Raley's in the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem we're here in Zions Square in Jerusalem which the government is actually
Chapter 2: Zions Square
1:051 minute, 5 secondsdeclared to rename tolerance Square and we're just gonna ask everyday Israelis what they think about the situation you're American where are you from and
1:121 minute, 12 secondswhy did you come here I'm from New York and I came here with my family when I was younger to make oh yeah because it
1:211 minute, 21 secondswas always my parent's dream to come to Israel because we're religious so are you American yes oh cool why when did you move here in life I moved here 11
1:291 minute, 29 secondsyears ago my family moved here because this is the country of the Jewish people and the future of the Jewish people and
1:361 minute, 36 secondswe want to be here how old are you guys now we're here in Israel taking leadership course and welcome to the
1:451 minute, 45 secondsArmy for a few months to see our lives here and then we hope to bring back some of these knowledge to our youth movements so you're like an internship
1:531 minute, 53 secondswith the army it's about two months and they show you everything about the army Israel is a great place it's a nice
2:002 minutesplace you should come and visit like I love Israel and I feel safe here all that misconceptions are not not true
2:092 minutes, 9 secondslike it is there's not people in a week knifes every day and there's no I don't know people exploding
2:182 minutes, 18 secondsPalestinians ya know but pretty much the light cue is really good for people living here it's just normal to see people with no army walking around with
2:262 minutes, 26 secondsguns and you feel completely safe and protected I feel like we know who the threat is and it's not coming from any
2:352 minutes, 35 secondsone random as opposed to in the rest of the world that it could be anyone here we know we know who our enemy is and we
2:432 minutes, 43 secondsknow that they are out to get us the enemy who's the enemy that's it's a very good question I don't think it's specifically any nation I think it's the
2:522 minutes, 52 secondspeople that are so interested in being politically correct that they won't actually go after the people that are
3:023 minutes, 2 secondstrying to cover things up I think that the Islam is it's a very bad disease not
3:113 minutes, 11 secondsnot just for Israel for all around the world we can see it they think they they
3:203 minutes, 20 secondsall have to be Islam if you're not Islam they will kill you mm-hmm a lot of Americans don't really understand what Israel's like we hear a lot of things in
3:293 minutes, 29 secondsthe news a lot of people are sympathizing with the palestinian plight can you talk about what it's like to kind of live in this situation first of
3:373 minutes, 37 secondsall it's very hard i also i'm an organization it's called lava it's against the Jews
3:473 minutes, 47 secondsfor the Mary Arabs did you say the organization was did what again we there goes on the organization is the the
3:573 minutes, 57 secondsthing of it is to that Jews should marry our shouldn't marry Arabs why do you feel strongly about that because Jews is
4:044 minutes, 4 secondsa special relation that God gave it to the Jews and we don't want Jews to get mixed up together with a different nation
4:124 minutes, 12 secondsI think Israelis have to take over and they have to kick them and kick them
4:214 minutes, 21 secondsaway it will be much better not not to kill them just to to go back
4:304 minutes, 30 secondsto two Arab countries you can't deal with these people there's no need to try there's no need to talk to them what we can do is one that they do enough harm
4:394 minutes, 39 secondswe retell you that's war and that's the situation that any Jew lives in Israel has to deal with said of a weight
4:514 minutes, 51 secondspursuit mode is like a necklace to him they call Maribel shot seppuku it's a little avocado I walked amicably Madame de Valois
5:005 minutesUlanova yacht where Kolya beside Adam Ubach selim selim and not known is here Pollard says me obey Ahava colbus Adele I think also
5:085 minutes, 8 secondsthat every Arab that doing a terrorism attack we have to kill him and not because it's the Arab because it's a
5:165 minutes, 16 secondsterrorist I think he should also kick out the family because it's all begins with you know Allison education what are
5:265 minutes, 26 secondsthey teach the kids the kids does you
5:295 minutes, 29 secondsknow it's families I think we should
5:515 minutes, 51 secondsgive them a country if you're doing any problem you just go in there to give them a country and then it's going to be a war between countries you know if
5:595 minutes, 59 secondsthey're going to rock it we're gonna throw one big one and done I don't think there's any answer to it there's only
6:086 minutes, 8 secondsone way to like I would carpet bomb there it's known it's the only way you could deal with it like or try to stop
6:166 minutes, 16 secondsthem a different way it never worked you mean all Arabs are Gaza
6:236 minutes, 23 secondsI I believe that they like I hope to believe them they're not but I do think
6:306 minutes, 30 secondsthey are because I never I don't I don't trust them you can't trust that and that's the only way I believe that
6:386 minutes, 38 secondsDonnie the only way is just to stop it completely I'm seeing that we miserable that the
6:476 minutes, 47 secondsArabi say make a big room and there we
6:526 minutes, 52 secondsneed to kill the harvest okay all right
7:037 minutes, 3 secondscool well there is also just civilians and civilians that eight Arabs yeah I'm not saying but we have also people that
7:127 minutes, 12 secondslike the Arabs and everything like smaller name think the Jews should have rights to hate them I think we have the
7:207 minutes, 20 secondsright okay I don't I don't see a reason why not I won't interest any of them to better
Chapter 3: Ronnie Barkan
7:287 minutes, 28 secondsunderstand this mentality I also talked to Ronnie Barkan a Jewish Israeli citizen who grew up in the country and is now an ardent critic of the notion of
7:367 minutes, 36 secondsa Jewish state like anyone growing up in Israel I went through the whole indoctrination mechanism and we're being trained to be
7:437 minutes, 43 secondssoldiers from kindergarten literally from kindergarten the moment I realized I'm an ax to sort of overcome that
7:517 minutes, 51 secondsindoctrination then everything became very clear because the situation is crystal clear one of the main successes
7:597 minutes, 59 secondsof Israeli propaganda is to convince the world that the situation is complicated but it's far from being complicated it's probably the least complicated conflict
8:068 minutes, 6 secondsin the world today and and it's all about basically those who have the power those who oppress and subjugate and
8:138 minutes, 13 secondstrade over the indigenous people of land who being a present subjugated and expelled from their land and this is what it's about the situation here is not very
8:238 minutes, 23 secondsdifferent other than the way it is perceived in the world and among Israeli society themselves they'd like to perceive themselves as some being something else as being you know a
8:318 minutes, 31 secondsliberal and progressive and all that and I also thought of myself as such until I realize that actually you know this is not the case the case is very clear and
8:408 minutes, 40 secondsI'm not on the right side of history and and that's when you know with what I managed to overcome this type of
8:478 minutes, 47 secondsbrainwashing then the rest was very easy service was all about creating a place
8:548 minutes, 54 secondswhich is for one select group and only that it's not only the fact that they wanted to take over to usurp the land
9:039 minutes, 3 secondsand the resources all of that it's also about this exclusive nature of the place that this is ours and only ours and even
9:119 minutes, 11 secondsany any Palestinian being born in Israel even the eminent area Israeli citizens is already regarded as some sort of a
9:179 minutes, 17 secondsthreat to the state the need to segregate the need to separate and not to interact with Palestinians is part of Israeli identity so we have to
9:269 minutes, 26 secondsunderstand that Israel the identity depends on Denine Palestinian identity nd9 either the existence of those things
9:349 minutes, 34 secondsall together or at the very least denying their identity their culture and so on and also right after the ethnic
9:419 minutes, 41 secondscleansing of Palestine right after the Palestinians were expelled from their homes many became refugees the very next thing that happened was that there was a
9:499 minutes, 49 secondsconcerted effort of mass looting of books and other cultural artifacts from coast even homes which was led by the
9:579 minutes, 57 secondsNational Library in Israel so it's for a reason that when we say existence is
10:0410 minutes, 4 secondsresistance for Palestinians this is true just very existing on their land this is an act of resistance in itself even more
10:1210 minutes, 12 secondsso when they actually claimed their rights claim their identity do cultural workers like produce posting and culture
10:2010 minutes, 20 secondsthat is an act of war after learning a lot in Jews three of Israel history I like seeing
Chapter 4: Israel History
10:2810 minutes, 28 secondsthat people make a big deal out of on about a lot of different areas but if you look back like correct me if I'm
10:3510 minutes, 35 secondswrong if you look back at the history we the areas these places are like really rightfully ours like if it was any other
10:4410 minutes, 44 secondscountry that would have conquered these places are taken over these places nobody would make a big deal it's just because it's Israel and anti-semitism
10:5010 minutes, 50 secondsand everything they kicked us about 2,000 years ago and we came back we have
11:0011 minutesJerusalem we built every stone here every stone 3,000 years ago over here
11:1011 minutes, 10 secondsthis is the City of David 2500 years ago
11:1711 minutes, 17 secondsall history of the Jewish people and the Islam doesn't have history at all in
11:2311 minutes, 23 secondsthis country I think that they should actually look at a history book and and look at the progression of history and
11:3111 minutes, 31 secondswho occupied Israel go further back so if it if it could be that the Palestinians occupied Israel that's true
11:3911 minutes, 39 secondsbut who occupied that before that and if you keep going back to the times of like the the Bible you'll see that it was indeed the Jews that did occupy
11:4911 minutes, 49 secondsPalestinian where are the Palestinian people during 4000 years and their domain or tamanna
11:5611 minutes, 56 secondsme and show me well I'm the journalist years.i and how God punished the sins by other
12:0612 minutes, 6 secondspeople he said listen the Nazis and now we sent Palestinian okay but it's really
12:1612 minutes, 16 secondsrightfully ours if you look at the history and like the wars and we didn't even start a lot of the wars and we we conquered these places rightfully like is ours
12:2412 minutes, 24 secondswe brought the settlements in by Gaza you know all the all the Gush Katif
12:3212 minutes, 32 secondsStrip well we gave part of Israel it's
12:3912 minutes, 39 secondsnot that it's not Gaza it's it's we do
12:4512 minutes, 45 secondsthings for peace I think that the Jews came here they took it they took this land and this is our land now and I
12:5312 minutes, 53 secondsdon't think there should be here no errors like Arabs they want we gave them Gaza so they should go live there quiet leave they want they should go back to
13:0113 minutes, 1 secondIraq I don't know to wherever they want but this is a place this is a place that God gave it to the Jews and we don't want theirs to be here and before they
13:0913 minutes, 9 secondsaccuse anyone of occupying they should actually look back and look at history so you wouldn't call any of this
13:1813 minutes, 18 secondsoccupied territory no I think that whatever deals were made and wars were fought they took the land
13:2713 minutes, 27 secondsand that's that's the way things work I mean would you call America occupied by Americans because the British used to
13:3513 minutes, 35 secondsrule the people who kicked the Jews out of Israel were the Arabs a thousand four hundred years later we come back now I'm
13:4313 minutes, 43 secondsnot saying that we can blame the people living here for what happened but you gotta accept that that's some kind of divine justice that their great-great great-great-grandfather's kicked my great great great grandfather
13:5213 minutes, 52 secondsout of here and then we come back and all of a sudden are like well no we don't want it's not fair they took the land from us not the Romans and not the
14:0014 minutesPersians and not the Byzantines it was Arabs who took this land from Jews and so yeah we came back and we took was rightly rightfully ours oh yeah
14:0814 minutes, 8 secondsbesides the fact that before the Jews came to you and their late 1800s Early 1900s it was like a barren land like
14:1514 minutes, 15 secondsbecause the Jews came here we started to like flourish or whatever and become actually like people start planting
14:2314 minutes, 23 secondsthings and making settlements and all these places if the Jews never came here then they'd be this in the same place it was like 200 years ago or not where it
14:3014 minutes, 30 secondsis today and so we like the Jews came here and they started making it better for also the Arabs and they only start to be an issue because the Arabs started
14:3814 minutes, 38 secondsto make it more of an issue good how many people think like you what is the state of the left-wing with an Israeli
14:4514 minutes, 45 secondssociety so the people who think like me are our inevitable few and I would argue that there is no left in Israel I'm
14:5414 minutes, 54 secondsnever ever existed what you have are those self-proclaimed leftists liberal
15:0115 minutes, 1 secondZionists who basically speak the language of peace and human rights in all and so on in order to sugarcoat
15:0815 minutes, 8 secondstheir racism and supremacy and they speak a very different language than the acting government for example because the I think government is clearly
15:1615 minutes, 16 secondswriting and gathering that government they are shameless about their racist attitudes and so on they say if this is ours and only ours many of them are
15:2415 minutes, 24 secondsdecent enough to say yes there was the ethnic cleansing of Palestine and that's a good thing the problem is that is that we haven't finished the job that there are still
15:3315 minutes, 33 secondsPalestinians left in Palestine with the other type of Zionists with a so-called left in Israel we cannot even agree
15:4115 minutes, 41 secondsabout the basic facts but for them in order to feel that they are both design is immoral at the same time they have to keep lying to themselves all the time
15:4815 minutes, 48 secondsevery moment of every day so so they have perfected this whole discourse of lies in order to lie to me so those who
15:5615 minutes, 56 secondswould have to lie to the international community in order to justify their existence here in that I think the occupation does have a all big goal and
Chapter 5: Occupation
16:0516 minutes, 5 secondsimportant I don't think there should be no occupation at all in the occupation things needs to be moe
16:1216 minutes, 12 secondsHolman yeah yeah is left as a slur sometimes yes it is it's not a good and
16:2116 minutes, 21 secondsnot a good way to be called in Israel Israel doesn't want to compromise on security they have to do a blockade they have to kind of cut this off it's you
16:3016 minutes, 30 secondsknow it's ridiculous where people have to go through there but it's also ridiculous what we have to do to keep ourselves safe we don't want to fight with them but if they ask for it they
16:3916 minutes, 39 secondswill get it and way much stronger much stronger we are we are very behaved very
16:4716 minutes, 47 secondsgently and more morally very gently with
16:5516 minutes, 55 secondsthem I could get a lot worse as is if if if the Russians was here two days they
17:0317 minutes, 3 secondswill kill all of them if the American will be here they will kill them two days they don't care about human rights
17:1217 minutes, 12 secondsthey don't care about nothing Israel's holding back very very but it's more and civilians get killed in war and it's a
17:2017 minutes, 20 secondshorrible you know on their side less on our side but at the same time we put money into protecting ourselves
17:2717 minutes, 27 secondswe'll look the refugees is it's their situation is horrible but no other nation in the world gets the refugee
17:3617 minutes, 36 secondsstatus that Palestinians do the Palestinians third generation people are still considered refugees you know I had friends that were Canadian they went on
17:4317 minutes, 43 secondstheir passports they want to see what the refugee camps were they wanted to see what it was all about they came back they said it's nothing when I imagined it yeah they said people were driving
17:5217 minutes, 52 secondsaround with nice cars people had nice houses villas things like that they thought people were being oppressed like you know like living in tents I was like they probably were like maybe 10 15 20
17:5917 minutes, 59 secondsyears ago or like in the past for them in order for them to be scientists and moral in order for them to have intuition democratic state they needed
18:0718 minutes, 7 secondsfirst of all and foremost to create the Jewish majority by force by driving away the indigenous people from their land and this is how the state was founded
18:1518 minutes, 15 secondsand immediately afterwards they created a whole legal system that will make sure that those who have been expelled and never
18:2318 minutes, 23 secondsbe allowed back and those who remained on their land because not everyone was expelled will never be equal citizens
18:3018 minutes, 30 secondsunfortunately what we hear on mainstream media this so-called this course or so-called debate between the right and the left is about that
18:3718 minutes, 37 secondsit's about do we want a large Israel which is Arab free or do we want two small in Israel which is Arak free this is the debate that's taking place last
18:4618 minutes, 46 secondsquestion there's this whole international movement of leftists and activists who want to boycott Israel for human rights violations being here
18:5418 minutes, 54 secondsseeing that and what do you just think about that I think the vidiians movement the leaders of the vidiians movement or everyone that thinks that israel it's
19:0319 minutes, 3 secondsbad if they if they can if they they should read up about the topic the other side and they should come here and see
19:1019 minutes, 10 secondshow everybody's comfortable people right now they're looking at israel on the calling it an apartheid state and Israel is not an apartheid state there's places
19:1819 minutes, 18 secondsI mean my family from five generations ago they were from Jeanine you can't find one Jew in Jeanine right now I mean it's it's totally Jew free so if you
19:2619 minutes, 26 secondswant to think about a racist apartheid state it seems it's more in my opinion coming from their side and just just a response I guess the kind of this international movement the BDS movement
19:3419 minutes, 34 secondsand also the movement that says settlements are illegal they're encroaching on Palestinian land can you respond to that I think the response
19:4319 minutes, 43 secondswould be two parts the first part would be very simple nobody gives Turkey problems for their settlements in Cyprus it's an anti-semitic thing to the maybe
19:5219 minutes, 52 secondsthey don't know that they hate Jews but they give us so much trouble the UN only talks about Israel what about North Korea what about Russia then the second
20:0120 minutes, 1 secondthing would be to say is that even from the UN completely from the UN I mean I mean come on you're talking about that were worse than the North Korean
20:0920 minutes, 9 secondsdictatorship like nobody in the world thinks that so those people in the UN and these peace activists I mean look she's a woman she's walking around
20:1720 minutes, 17 secondshowever she wants here in Israel right there's female genital mutilation in Egypt not very far from here why don't people talk about that I think
20:2520 minutes, 25 secondswe should have more not more rights I think we have rights to build more
20:3220 minutes, 32 secondshouses for our citizens and like a lot of things that Israel gets criticism for other countries will never get it
20:4020 minutes, 40 secondsI know Telugu polish men xalapa ballets Bethell and massive shabbat shalom ballets if Charlotte item Shalom intimates Enomoto know em if Charlotte
20:4920 minutes, 49 secondssalamba massive Kahala Holly Shelley let Appel by behemoth a hot and Malla thought it's irrelevant the views of
20:5920 minutes, 59 secondsIsrael is about the situation are totally irrelevant to the question of how do we change the situation did it matter what what people think about part
21:0621 minutes, 6 secondsis about the kind of time the question is how we end apartheid and how the end is ready Christ you know every Israeli official will say will claim to speak on
21:1421 minutes, 14 secondsbehalf of the Jewish people and will even demand of Palestinians to recognize Israel's right to be a Jewish state and
21:2221 minutes, 22 secondsso on I don't recognize Israel's right to be a Jewish then because it is no Jewish religion it is only Jewish white supremacy Israel is Jewish just like
21:3021 minutes, 30 secondsSouth Africa was white in the exact same context with the exact same meaning and
21:3721 minutes, 37 secondsobviously any decent person around the world should oppose that because it is inherently racist and more than that and
21:4621 minutes, 46 secondsit also happens to be very much against international law so when we talk about Israel is an apartheid state even though it's not exactly like South Africa it
21:5421 minutes, 54 secondsneatly falls under the legal definition of the crime of foreign thing which is a very serious crime one of the few crimes that is regardless crime against
22:0222 minutes, 2 secondshumanity which means that all parties of the world are alternated to to to do something against it not to not to be complicit in that and what we're coming
22:1122 minutes, 11 secondsin saying is know our basic fundamental pacinian rights that must be respected one of them is ending of the occupation
22:1822 minutes, 18 secondsof course but that's not the main issue that's part of the issue the other two rights are equality inside Israel proper or what we call fast 1948
22:2722 minutes, 27 secondsand the rights of refugees which have been expelled from there since the very foundation of these are fundamental rights they must
22:3422 minutes, 34 secondsrespect it and now we can debate we can argue about how do we implement these rights I'm willing to discuss that I'm not going to discuss you know should we
22:4322 minutes, 43 secondshave equality or not this is not negotiable
22:4722 minutes, 47 seconds[Music]
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세진님, 공유해주신 자료는 저널리스트 애비 마틴(Abby Martin)이 예루살렘 거리에서 평범한 이스라엘 시민들을 인터뷰한 다큐멘터리 <엠파이어 파일즈(Empire Files)>의 녹취록입니다.
<평범함 속에 깃든 증오: 이스라엘 시민들의 팔레스타인 인식에 대한 고찰>
1. 내용 요약
본 자료는 예루살렘의 시온 광장에서 만난 유대인 정착민과 일반 시민들의 가감 없는 목소리를 담고 있다.
비인간화와 혐오의 정당화: 한 인터뷰이는 이슬람을 전 세계적인 <나쁜 질병>으로 규정하며,
이스라엘이 팔레스타인인들을 <걷어차고 쫓아내야 한다>고 주장한다. 심지어 가자 지구를 <융단폭격(carpet bomb)>하는 것만이 유일한 해결책이라거나, 모든 테러리스트뿐만 아니라 그 가족까지 추방해야 한다는 극단적 주장이 제기된다. 신학적·역사적 배타성: 이스라엘 땅은 신이 유대인에게 준 것이며,
이슬람은 이 땅에 아무런 역사가 없다는 인식이 팽배하다. 이들은 2,000년 전 유대인이 쫓겨난 것에 대한 <신성한 정의(divine justice)>의 실현으로 현재의 점령을 정당화한다. 구조적 세뇌에 대한 내부 비판: 인권 활동가 로니 바르칸(Ronnie Barkan)은 이러한 태도가 유치원 시절부터 시작되는 국가적 <세뇌 메커니즘>의 결과라고 분석한다.
그는 이스라엘이 추구하는 <유대 국가>라는 개념 자체가 본질적으로 유대인 우월주의와 인종 격리(Apartheid)에 기반하고 있다고 지적한다.
2. 비평: 시스템이 낳은 '괴물', 그리고 도덕적 파산
이 다큐멘터리가 보여주는 가장 충격적인 지점은 폭력적인 언사를 내뱉는 이들이 괴물이 아닌, 우리 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 <평범한 이웃>의 얼굴을 하고 있다는 점이다.
첫째, 언어의 타락이 실존적 폭력으로 전이되고 있다.
둘째, 역사와 종교의 도구화가 공존의 가능성을 차단한다.
셋째, 이스라엘식 '아파르트헤이트'의 심화다.
결론적으로, 이 자료는 이스라엘-팔레스타인 문제가 단순한 영토 분쟁을 넘어 한 사회가 집단적 증오에 중독되었을 때 도달하는 파멸적인 풍경을 보여준다. 평화를 말하면서도 인종적 supremacy(우월주의)를 포기하지 않는 위선은 결국 가해자 스스로의 인간성마저 갉아먹게 될 것이다.
세진님, 람 코헨 교장이 경고했던 "우리가 아이들에게 가르치고 있는 끔찍한 말들"이 실제 시민들의 입을 통해 그대로 흘러나오고 있다는 점이 매우 비극적입니다.
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다음 문제는 단순한 “한 발언의 충격성”을 넘어서, 이스라엘 사회 내부에서 존재해 온 반아랍 인종주의의 구조적 층위를 어떻게 이해할 것인가의 문제입니다. 요청하신 대로, 이를 <요약 + 평론> 형식으로 정리합니다.
<이스라엘 사회의 반아랍 인종주의: 800단어 요약 + 평론>
1. 문제의 핵심: 개인 발언이 아니라 구조적 현상
제시된 발언은 매우 노골적이며 폭력적입니다. 그러나 중요한 점은 이것이 단순히 “일탈적 개인”의 문제가 아니라, 일부 사회 집단에서 반복적으로 관찰되는 언어 패턴과 연결된다는 점입니다.
사용자가 업로드한 자료 Empire Files – Israelis Speak Candidly to Abby Martin About Palestinians에서도, 길거리 인터뷰 수준에서 다음과 같은 경향이 확인됩니다:
- 팔레스타인을 “인간 이하”로 묘사
- 폭력(추방, 공격)을 “정당화된 행동”으로 표현
- 군사적 억압을 “필요한 질서 유지”로 인식
즉, 문제는 특정 발언의 진위 여부를 넘어서
→ 타자 집단의 인간성 자체를 낮추는 담론이 사회 일부에서 실제로 존재한다는 점입니다.
2. 역사적 형성: 안보 담론과 식민 정착의 결합
이스라엘 사회에서 반아랍 인식은 크게 두 흐름이 결합하며 형성되었습니다.
(1) 지속적 안보 위협 경험
- 1948년 이후 반복된 전쟁과 테러 경험
- 시민 수준에서 “생존 위협”이 일상화됨
이로 인해 아랍인은 단순한 타자가 아니라
→ 잠재적 위협으로 내면화
(2) 정착 식민 구조
- 팔레스타인 지역에 유대인 국가 건설
- 기존 주민(아랍인)과의 토지·주권 충돌
이 구조는 자연스럽게
- “우리 vs 그들”
-
“문명 vs 야만”
이라는 이분법을 강화
결과적으로
→ 안보 논리가 인종적 위계 인식과 결합
3. 교육·군사·일상 속 재생산
반아랍 인식은 단지 정치 담론이 아니라
사회화 과정에서 재생산되는 특징을 보입니다.
(1) 군 복무 경험
- 대부분의 유대인 시민이 군 복무
- 팔레스타인을 “통제 대상”으로 경험
→ 인간적 관계가 아닌 “관리 대상”으로 인식
(2) 교육과 미디어
- 일부 교과서 및 담론에서 아랍인은 “갈등의 원인”으로 단순화
- 폭력 사건 중심 보도 → 공포 강화
(3) 공간 분리
- 유대인과 아랍인의 생활 공간 분리
- 직접 접촉 부족 → 편견 강화
4. 실제 여론 데이터와 사회 분포
중요한 점은, 이런 인식이 사회 전체의 평균값은 아니라는 것입니다.
연구와 여론조사에서 나타나는 특징:
-
극단적 인종주의는 일부 집단에서 집중적으로 나타남
(특히 종교적 민족주의, 정착민 커뮤니티) - 그러나 “아랍인을 덜 신뢰한다”는 인식은 더 넓게 퍼져 있음
-
동시에
- 인권 단체
- 평화운동
-
학계 일부
에서는 강한 내부 비판 존재
즉, 이 사회는 단일하지 않으며
→ 강한 내부 갈등 구조를 가지고 있음
5. 비교: 다른 사회와의 구조적 유사성
이 현상은 특수하면서도 동시에 보편적입니다.
유사한 구조:
- 미국의 흑인에 대한 인종주의
- 일본의 재일한국인 차별
- 유럽의 이슬람 혐오
공통점:
- 안보/경제 위기 → 타자화
- 역사적 충돌 → 집단 일반화
- 제도 + 일상 담론 결합
따라서 이는 단순히 “이스라엘의 문제”라기보다
→ 분쟁 상황에서 나타나는 인간 사회의 일반적 병리로도 볼 수 있습니다.
6. 핵심 쟁점: “인종주의 vs 안보 논리”
이 문제를 둘러싼 가장 중요한 논쟁은 다음입니다:
입장 A
“이것은 명백한 인종주의다”
- 인간성을 부정하는 언어
- 집단적 처벌 정당화
입장 B
“안보 상황에서 나온 과잉 반응이다”
- 지속적 공격 경험
- 생존 위기 속 방어적 심리
현실은 이 둘이 분리되지 않고
→ 서로 강화하는 구조에 있습니다.
<평론: 이 현상을 어떻게 봐야 하는가>
1. 가장 위험한 지점: “비인간화”
문제의 핵심은 특정 발언이 아니라
→ 상대를 인간으로 보지 않는 순간
이 지점에서는
- 폭력의 도덕적 제약이 사라짐
- 어떤 행동도 정당화 가능
이는 역사적으로
- 식민지 폭력
-
집단학살
에서 반복된 패턴입니다.
2. 그러나 단순 도덕 비난으로는 부족
단순히 “나쁘다”라고 말하는 것은
현실을 설명하지 못합니다.
왜냐하면:
- 실제로 이 사회는 지속적 충돌 상태
- 공포와 경험이 인식을 형성
따라서 필요한 것은
→ 도덕 판단 + 구조 분석의 결합
3. 내부 비판의 중요성
이스라엘 사회 내부에는
- 인권단체 (예: 군 내부 증언 그룹)
- 평화운동
- 비판적 학자
등이 존재하며, 이들은 다음을 강조합니다:
- 점령 구조가 인종주의를 강화한다
- 군사화된 일상이 도덕 감각을 둔화시킨다
즉, 변화의 가능성은 외부가 아니라
→ 내부 비판에서 나온다
4. 결론: 이 문제의 본질
이 현상의 핵심은 다음 한 줄로 요약됩니다:
→ “장기 분쟁 + 군사화 + 정체성 정치 = 인종주의의 구조적 생산”
따라서 중요한 질문은
- 누가 더 옳은가가 아니라
- 어떤 조건이 이런 인식을 만들어내는가
입니다.
원하시면 다음 단계로
👉 <이스라엘 내부 비판자 vs 정부/주류 담론 1:1 비교>
👉 <팔레스타인 측의 대칭적 인식 구조 분석>
도 이어서 정리해드릴 수 있습니다.
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