Israel and Iran: The Complete History Of An Eternal Conflict - YouTube

Israel and Iran: The Complete History Of An Eternal Conflict - YouTube

Israel and Iran: The Complete History Of An Eternal Conflict

Real Stories

16,757 views  Mar 3, 2026

The confrontation between Islam and the Jews began in the Prophet Muhammad's time, and continues to this day. Israel's existence recalls Islam's age old Jewish problem, first felt at Islam's inception in Medina in 624 AD: How can Islam thrive and find salvation if Jews are politically powerful? And it requires the same solution chosen by the Prophet Muhammad - elimination of political independence of Jews and the domination of Islam over them. 

Farewell Israel: Bush, Iran and The Revolt of Islam is an historic journey, from the birth of Islam, through its 1,200 year reign over the civilized world, to the last 300 years of Islamic decline, overtaken and dominated by the West -- then humiliated by a Jewish state. Islam's historic trials with Jews, and its relationship with conquered non-believers, help illustrate the Islamic world view - all through the eyes of Muslims. In this groundbreaking film, the total rejection of Israel by Muslim states since its inception in 1948 comes to light as a religious duty for Believers. 

The Islamic roots of Anwar Sadat's 1977 Camp David Accords with Israel are exposed as "The Diplomatic Strategy Against Israel," by which Egypt sought to defeat Israel through diplomacy, rather than establish "Western Peace." Israel's misunderstanding of Islamic goals and values are highlighted by its enthusiasm for Yasser Arafat and the 1993 Oslo Accords. Next, President George Bush's tragic misunderstanding of 9/11 as a "War Against Freedom," in which the United States played into the hands of Al-Qaeda and the Islamist cause by advocating democratic reform across the Middle East, is revealed. Finally, the Iranian agenda for acquiring strategic weapons to eliminate Israel comes clearly into focus. Today, at the direction of Iran, Islamists are preparing for a fateful coming war for Islam - and Israel is the number one target and obstacle in the path of Islamic revival. For Muslims, Israel embodies "injustice", and is the ultimate symbol of Islam's decline - a Western, secular society imposed by the West on former Islamic lands. Only with the return of Jews to their historic status as "Dhimmi" or "Tributaries," tolerated and protected within Islamic society, can Islamic revival succeed - resulting in "Islamic Peace" in the Middle East. Farewell Israel: Bush, Iran and The Revolt of Islam reaches the unavoidable conclusion that Western and Israeli misunderstanding of Islam is leading to a coming war - which will have devastating consequences for the West, and worst of all for Israel - Farewell Israel!

===

Transcript

0:00Flyers.

0:5555 secondsIslam's view of the world, Islam versus the West.

1:071 minute, 7 secondsThey want to drive America and our coalition out of Iraq and the Middle East so they can stop the advance of freedom and impose their dark vision on the people of the Middle East.

1:231 minute, 23 secondsWestern misconceptions of Islam.

1:261 minute, 26 secondsFrom the inception of Islam, the Christian West has had difficulty understanding Islam as a different religious phenomenon than Christianity.

1:351 minute, 35 secondsWhen Muslims conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century, Christians referred to Muslims arriving from North Africa as Moors. Over the centuries,

1:441 minute, 44 secondsSpaniards continued to refer to Muslims as Moors, even if they were from India or Indonesia. In the rest of Europe,

1:521 minute, 52 secondsMuslims were referred to as Turks. In Asia Minor, Christians referred to Muslims as Tartars, an ethnic name. When

2:012 minutes, 1 secondEuropeans finally understood that Islam was not an ethnic group, they mistakenly perceived it in terms of a Western religious group. In the early 1900s,

2:102 minutes, 10 secondsEuropeans began referring to Islam as [ __ ] and Muslims as Muhammadans,

2:172 minutes, 17 secondsincorrectly assuming the prophet Muhammad had the same role in Islam that Jesus did in Christianity.

2:242 minutes, 24 secondsTo this day, misunderstandings continue.

2:262 minutes, 26 secondsWesterners describe the mosque as a Muslim church, equate the Muslim Friday to the Christian Sunday, refer to the

2:342 minutes, 34 secondsQuran as the Muslim Bible, and believe she shiks to be Muslim priests.

2:402 minutes, 40 secondsThe conflict in Gaza in the West Bank today is a struggle between extremists and moderates. Also, Westerners mistakenly resort to their own world

2:482 minutes, 48 secondsview by grouping Muslim leaders as left and right-wing, moderate, conservative,

2:562 minutes, 56 secondsand radical.

2:582 minutes, 58 secondsFreedom, justice, and peace. So different are Western and Muslim world views that identical words can have two different meanings.

3:083 minutes, 8 secondsWe are now in the early hours of this struggle between tyranny and freedom.

3:233 minutes, 23 secondsIn the west, freedom is the ability of individuals to participate in the formation, conduct and lawful removal of

3:303 minutes, 30 secondsgovernments from power, the basis of constitutionalism and parliamentary government. For the Islamic world ruled by foreign powers in modern times,

3:413 minutes, 41 secondsfreedom meant national independence from foreign rule, which they equated with tyranny. In the west, the opposite of tyranny is freedom.

3:513 minutes, 51 secondsIn Islam, the opposite of tyranny is justice. For Muslim thinkers, justice is the ideal.

3:593 minutes, 59 secondsI am looking for peace. I am struggling for peace. But yes, peace.

4:084 minutes, 8 secondsAll of us, the sons and daughters of Abraham,

4:144 minutes, 14 secondsliving in a tent of peace again.

4:244 minutes, 24 secondsAs for the word peace, Westerners have liberal and romantic images of harmony between groups or nations. In Arabic,

4:324 minutes, 32 secondsthe modern definition of salam simply means an absence of conflict, more like the word truce in English. The Arabic word sulha, defined as reconciliation,

4:434 minutes, 43 secondsis much closer to the western definition of peace.

4:474 minutes, 47 secondsFor example, the Arab-Israeli conflict was in a state of salam between 1956 and 1967 from a Muslim point of view. Yet,

4:564 minutes, 56 secondsthere was no peace from a Western point of view.

5:055 minutes, 5 secondsNationalism, Christianity's solution.

5:085 minutes, 8 secondsDuring the dark ages, European civilization endured 500 years of stagnation and decline due to the dominance of the Catholic Church in

5:175 minutes, 17 secondsEurope. Next, strife between Catholics and Protestants threatened to destroy Christian society. Finally, Christianity

5:255 minutes, 25 secondssaved itself by separating church and state and introducing the concept of nationalism, a nation state based on

5:325 minutes, 32 secondsgeographic boundaries, ethnicity, and language to determine personal identity and political loyalty.

5:395 minutes, 39 secondsNationalism and the expulsion of the church from government was a success. It resurrected Christian Europe from

5:465 minutes, 46 secondsdecline. 300 years of world domination began with the discovery of the Americas. Then the industrial revolution

5:545 minutes, 54 secondsas Europe led the world into the era of modernity. Europe also exported its western culture and concept of nationalism to the entire world.

6:056 minutes, 5 secondsHowever, nationalism, which evolved from Christianity's historic trials, would never integrate successfully into the

6:126 minutes, 12 secondsworld of Islam, where loyalty could only be to God, the sovereign of the world, and all mankind.

6:216 minutes, 21 secondsIslamic identity.

6:316 minutes, 31 secondsUnderstanding the centrality of Islam in the lives of Muslims is the key to understanding Islam. For Muslims, the

6:396 minutes, 39 secondsfoundation of identity and loyalty revolves around religion. While the religio political community defines

6:466 minutes, 46 secondsnationhood, religion distinguishes those who belong to the society from those who are outside of it. In 1917, the Grand Vazier of the Ottoman Empire stated,

6:576 minutes, 57 seconds"The fatherland of a Muslim is the place where the holy law of Islam prevails. An Egyptian Muslim, for example, feels

7:057 minutes, 5 secondscloser bonds to a Pakistani Muslim than to an Egyptian Christian. As Muslims of different countries, even speaking

7:127 minutes, 12 secondsdifferent tongues, have a shared feeling of a divinely guided past and a sense of a mutual plight and destiny.

7:267 minutes, 26 secondsThe umah, political authority and communal life. For Muslims, the true and sole sovereign is God, from whose

7:357 minutes, 35 secondsmandate the prophet Muhammad derived his authority and from whose will made known by revelation is the sole source of

7:427 minutes, 42 secondspolitical and religious law. The political community of Islam is known as the Ummah. From its inception, the Umah was the fusion of politics and religion.

7:537 minutes, 53 secondsThe prophet Muhammad founded and presided over an Islamic government as prophet and head of a state and founded

8:008 minutesan empire whose followers understood worldly success and military victory were part of divine affirmation.

8:088 minutes, 8 secondsTherefore, the teachings of Islam have social and political goals with the purpose of succeeding in this world in politics,

8:168 minutes, 16 secondswarfare,

8:188 minutes, 18 secondsdiplomacy and economics.

8:228 minutes, 22 secondsConsequently, in Islam, religion is not merely one segment of life. It regulates the total domain.

8:308 minutes, 30 secondsIn Islam's view of the world, mankind is divided into two irreconcilable camps. The territory of Islam, Dar al-Islam,

8:398 minutes, 39 secondsand the territory of war, Dar Al-Harp.

8:428 minutes, 42 secondsAll lands under Islamic control are considered Dar Al-Islam, where Islamic law reigns. Those lands beyond Islamic

8:508 minutes, 50 secondscontrol are Dar Al-Harb, the territory of war, essentially the rest of the world. The prophet Muhammad is said to have said, "Alufuru milatun wahida,

9:019 minutes, 1 secondunbelief is one nation." In the Islamic view, all of mankind will one day accept Islam or submit to its rule.

9:219 minutes, 21 secondsLogically then, Islam cannot recognize political borders nor permanent peace treaties with Dar Al-Harb. Therefore,

9:299 minutes, 29 secondsaccording to Iben Ta, a 14th century Muslim jurist, any act of war against Dar Al-Harb, is morally justified,

9:389 minutes, 38 secondslegal, and exempt from any ethical judgment.

9:489 minutes, 48 secondsIslamism on the rise. Islamism is on the march, getting ready for what it considers to be a coming fateful war for the future of Islam.

9:589 minutes, 58 secondsSince its Islamic revolution of 1979,

10:0210 minutes, 2 secondsIran has been the undisputed leader of the Islamic revival.

10:1610 minutes, 16 secondsIslamism is an indigenous grassroots movement championed by both poor and educated Muslims throughout the Muslim

10:2310 minutes, 23 secondsworld. Islam is the solution is the Islamist call to action against westernization and secular governments

10:3110 minutes, 31 secondsin the Muslim world that provide the masses with little hope or future.

10:3710 minutes, 37 secondsIslamism is an internal struggle for the future of Islam, not a war against the West.

10:4310 minutes, 43 secondsIslamists do not consider themselves to be revolutionaries in the sense of revolution changing society in a new

10:5010 minutes, 50 secondsway. Rather, Islamists strive to rebuild internally by applying traditional principles to reestablish the past strength and glory of Islam.

11:0211 minutes, 2 secondsIslamist writer Sed Katab in signposts on the path wrote, "The leadership of Western man in the human world is coming

11:1011 minutes, 10 secondsto an end. Not because Western civilization is materially bankrupt or has lost its economic or military

11:1711 minutes, 17 secondsstrength, but because the Western order has played its part and no longer possesses that stock of values which

11:2411 minutes, 24 secondsgave it its predominance. The turn of Islam has come.

11:3811 minutes, 38 secondsTo simply dismiss Islamists as extremist is shortsighted. Islamists endeavor to build a constructive society based on

11:4711 minutes, 47 secondsjustice using the best moral values from Islamic tradition, history, and law.

11:5311 minutes, 53 secondsIslamism represents the only serious alternative to the present forms of government in the Muslim world and represents the innermost aspirations of Muslims across Dar al-Islam.

12:0812 minutes, 8 secondsThe pillars of Islam foundations of faith and empire.

12:1612 minutes, 16 secondsThe religion of Islam.

12:1812 minutes, 18 secondsThe doctrine of Islam holds that Islam is the only true and eternal religion.

12:2312 minutes, 23 secondsThe prophet Muhammad pronounced that he did not found a new religion, but rather was a messenger calling humanity back to

12:3012 minutes, 30 secondsthe one true path. Muhammad preached that Christian and Jewish scriptures were divine revelations but had been

12:3712 minutes, 37 secondsaltered over the centuries such that they could no longer be trusted. Belief in Islam is also known as the straight

12:4512 minutes, 45 secondspath. Islam has no priests nor bishops and even the ulama the learned men expert in Islamic doctrines and

12:5312 minutes, 53 secondspractices are not set apart from others in Islam. All Muslims are equal in the Islamic way of life.

13:0313 minutes, 3 secondsGod in Islam God is all knowing, all powerful and the creator of all that was

13:0913 minutes, 9 secondsand is and all that will be. God is the righteous judge of good and evil. God is merciful and charitable, but also

13:1713 minutes, 17 secondscapable of great anger. Above all, he is one and only one.

13:2413 minutes, 24 secondsProphets and messengers.

13:3513 minutes, 35 secondsGod's books were revealed to prophets or messengers who were mortals. In fact,

13:4013 minutes, 40 secondsthe entire group of monotheistic prophets are part of the Islamic truth.

13:4513 minutes, 45 secondsAbraham received the first revelation and his basic message was Islamic. The Quran says Abraham was the first Muslim.

13:5413 minutes, 54 secondsMuslims have high regard for Jesus,

13:5713 minutes, 57 secondsEsau, who is pictured as a wandering mortal preacher who performed miracles. He was given a scripture, the gospel,

14:0514 minutes, 5 secondsbut the book was hopelessly distorted.

14:0714 minutes, 7 secondsMuhammad's prophethood was the seal of the prophets. No more prophets will come before judgment day. In Islam, all

14:1514 minutes, 15 secondsprophets are revered, but no one prophet may be exalted above the others.

14:2114 minutes, 21 secondsThe Quran. The Quran is the divine and sacred foundation of Islamic law,

14:2714 minutes, 27 secondsconsisting of God's revelations to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. Written in 114 chapters or suras, the Quran

14:3514 minutes, 35 secondscontains commandments, rules, ethical regulations, historical recreations, and wise sayings. An unswerving belief and

14:4514 minutes, 45 secondsdevotion to the Quran is essential to all Muslims.

14:4914 minutes, 49 secondsThe Hadith. Muslims derive spiritual nourishment and daily guidance from a supplement to the Quran called the

14:5614 minutes, 56 secondsHadith. Muhammad conveyed many edicts on justice, property, responsibilities, and personal and family behavior that make

15:0515 minutes, 5 secondsup the hadith. Considered the tradition of Islam,

15:1315 minutes, 13 secondsthe five pillars of Islam, profession of faith, shahada.

15:3015 minutes, 30 secondsEach Muslim must profess these words Allah Muhammad rasool Allah there is no

15:3715 minutes, 37 secondsGod but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God. Anyone who says these words and believes them is a Muslim.

15:4715 minutes, 47 secondsPrayer salat while facing Mecca the holy city of Islam. Believers must purify themselves with either water or desert

15:5515 minutes, 55 secondssand and pray five times a day. Prayer time includes reciting special verses,

16:0216 minutes, 2 secondskneeling and prostrating oneself.

16:0616 minutes, 6 secondsFasting psalm. The purpose of fasting is to commemorate Muhammad's hijra from Mecca to Medina. During the month of Ramadan, no Muslim is allowed to eat,

16:1616 minutes, 16 secondsdrink, or smoke during daylight hours.

16:1916 minutes, 19 secondsHowever, at night, families and friends gather for huge meals.

16:2416 minutes, 24 secondsGiving of alms, zakat, Muhammad proclaimed that each Muslim except the very poor was required to contribute a

16:3216 minutes, 32 secondsportion of his or her wealth, about 2 and 12% to the poor.

16:3816 minutes, 38 secondsPilgrimage Hajj. This requires every Muslim who is economically and physically able to make a journey to the

16:4516 minutes, 45 secondsholy city of Mecca at least once in a lifetime.

16:5316 minutes, 53 secondsEach year, Muslims congregate at the shrine of the Cabba in Mecca to circle the Cabba, kiss the black stone, run

17:0017 minutesbetween the nearby hills of Safa and Marwa, stone a pillar near Mina representing the devil, sacrifice sheep,

17:0917 minutes, 9 secondsand assemble on the plane of Arafat. Jihad.

17:1517 minutes, 15 secondsThe five pillars do not cover all Muslim duties. Jihad is a communal religious duty for Muslims. During the early

17:2317 minutes, 23 secondscenturies of Islamic expansion, raising the sword against Harvey was the main emphasis of jihad. The Quran commands

17:3117 minutes, 31 secondsMuslims fight against those who do not believe in God or the judgment day, who permit what God and his messenger have

17:3817 minutes, 38 secondsforbidden and who refuse allegiance to the true faith. The primary objective of military jihad is not the conversion of

17:4617 minutes, 46 secondsindividuals to Islam, but rather the gaining of political control over the collective affairs of societies to run them in accordance with the principles of Islam.

18:0818 minutes, 8 secondsThe Quran emphasizes that those who die in military jihad automatically become martyrs, shaheen, and are awarded a special place in paradise. Today,

18:1918 minutes, 19 secondsWesterners think of jihad as Islam's holy war, but this is not completely accurate. Jihad is also an inner

18:2718 minutes, 27 secondsspiritual struggle of the heart against vice and ignorance and choosing to do good while avoiding evil.

18:3618 minutes, 36 secondsThe Sharia, Islamic holy law. By the end of the 9th century, classical Islamic jurists compiled a law code called the

18:4418 minutes, 44 secondsSharia, an Arabic word meaning way. It is comparable to the Jewish Talmud,

18:5018 minutes, 50 secondsthough there is nothing similar in Christianity. The Sharia classifies all possible human behavior as obligatory,

18:5818 minutes, 58 secondsrecommended, neutral, objectionable, or forbidden by God, the Supreme Legislator. The Sharia includes rules about marriage, divorce, child rearing,

19:0919 minutes, 9 secondsinterpersonal relationships, property,

19:1219 minutes, 12 secondsfood and clothing, hygiene, aspects of prayer, and even commercial and criminal law. Ever mindful of the impending

19:2019 minutes, 20 secondsjudgment day, the Sharia helps Muslims know and obey rules of behavior that will please God and maintain a harmonious society.

19:3019 minutes, 30 secondsIslamism advocates the implementation of Sharia and the restoration of the Quran as the sole authority for government in Muslim countries,

19:4019 minutes, 40 secondswomen in Islam.

19:4219 minutes, 42 secondsAnd we have learned that their goal is to build a radical Islamic empire where women are prisoners in their homes. In Islamic society, women generally tend to

19:5119 minutes, 51 secondsaffairs of the home rather than the public world. This custom called Purda is widely misunderstood by Westerners as

19:5919 minutes, 59 secondsa form of oppression. From the Muslim point of view, Purda provides women a form of protection and a place of

20:0620 minutes, 6 secondsrespect in society, as does the wearing of the veil and other restrictions from contact with unrelated men.

20:1920 minutes, 19 secondsThe universe and humanity.

20:2220 minutes, 22 secondsIslam believes God created the universe in six days, but does not agree with other religions that say God created man

20:2920 minutes, 29 secondsin his own image, nor that God tired from the work of creation. Muslims believe the universe consists of seven

20:3720 minutes, 37 secondsheavens, seven earths, and everything inside of them. The seven heavens are stacked above the earths. Humanity

20:4420 minutes, 44 secondsresides on the highest earth, and Satan resides in hell on the lowest. The lowest heaven is our sky and the highest

20:5320 minutes, 53 secondsheaven is paradise. Although God is everywhere, he resides at the top of the world.

21:0121 minutes, 1 secondIn God's universe, there are angels,

21:0321 minutes, 3 secondsjin, heavenly servants who obey divine will. Among the angels is Gabriel, who is entrusted with revelation. Satan,

21:1221 minutes, 12 secondsLasan,

21:1421 minutes, 14 secondswas a jin who disobeyed God's command to bow to Adam. Having fallen from God's service, he now tries to corrupt

21:2121 minutes, 21 secondsmankind. Islam often portrays Satan as a symbol of ultimate evil.

21:3721 minutes, 37 secondsagainst Dar al-Islam is satanic. As America is the leader of the West and its culture, ideals and military opposes

21:4621 minutes, 46 secondsIslam, America is the great Satan.

21:5421 minutes, 54 secondsJudgment Day. Among Islam's basic tenants, none was preached more fervently by Muhammad than the belief in

22:0222 minutes, 2 secondsa final judgment day from which no one can escape. On this day of doom, all living people will die and all the dead

22:1122 minutes, 11 secondswill be summoned before God's throne to be judged. There, God will review every individual's book of deeds to determine their afterlife, a reward of paradise,

22:2222 minutes, 22 secondsheaven, or damnation to everlasting punishment in hell.

22:2822 minutes, 28 secondsThe Quran depicts paradise as a shaded garden with cooling fountains and beautiful maidens for the eternal bliss

22:3522 minutes, 35 secondsof righteous men. Righteous women will also enter heaven. In paradise, men and women will know peace, live in harmony,

22:4322 minutes, 43 secondsand see God. Hell is the abode of punishment that God has prepared for unbelievers and evildoers. For those who

22:5222 minutes, 52 secondsdeny the hour, we have prepared a blazing fire. Allah reveals in the Quran, "When they are thrown into a narrow corner thereof, chained together,

23:0023 minutesthey will at once pray for annihilation."

23:0823 minutes, 8 secondsThe life of Muhammad, Islam eliminates its Jewish problem.

23:1523 minutes, 15 secondsThe crossroads of the empires.

23:1823 minutes, 18 secondsAt the dawn of the 7th century, the two great empires of Byzantine and Persia confronted each other across the Middle East. The Byzantine Empire to the west

23:2723 minutes, 27 secondsof Arabia was the descendant of the classical Roman Empire and was almost completely Christianized. To the east

23:3423 minutes, 34 secondswas the Persian Empire, extended all the way to Afghanistan. Neither empire attempted to control the Arabian

23:4223 minutes, 42 secondsPeninsula. The vast desert was simply of little interest. Pre-Islamic Arabia.

23:5023 minutes, 50 secondsThe desert, nomadism, and tribal life were essential features of pre-Islamic Arabia. The Arabs were herdsmen,

23:5723 minutes, 57 secondsraiders, and mercenaries. The Bedawin,

24:0024 minutesnomadic desert Arabs, followed their flocks of goats across the burning desert from one isolated oasis to the

24:0724 minutes, 7 secondsnext. The camel, their main means of transportation, contributed much to their way of life. Some desert nomads

24:1524 minutes, 15 secondsestablished small towns. The most important being Mecca. The Bedawin were illiterate and superstitious, but also

24:2224 minutes, 22 secondsrugged, proud warriors known for generosity.

24:2724 minutes, 27 secondsPolitical loyalty of the Arabs was affixed to their tribal group, which was a social, political, and military

24:3324 minutes, 33 secondsalliance. The Arabian desert was and still is a world where a lone individual can quickly perish. Only by allying with

24:4224 minutes, 42 secondsothers could one hope to stay alive in the harsh desert reality.

24:5324 minutes, 53 secondsReligions of Arabia.

24:5624 minutes, 56 secondsThe Arabs were polytheists. The religions included worship of astral divinities such as Allat, a sun goddess.

25:0425 minutes, 4 secondsArabs made sacrifices and offerings to deities embodied in trees or sacred rocks. By the year 600 AD, just prior to

25:1325 minutes, 13 secondsthe life of Muhammad, Christian and Jewish settlements were prevalent in Arabia, especially in the oasis town of Yatri.

25:2125 minutes, 21 secondsThe city of Yatri, later Medina, lay 250 mi in an oasis north of Mecca. The 11

25:2925 minutes, 29 secondsmain clans of Yatrib included three Jewish tribes, Kurisa, Anadir, and Kuka.

25:3725 minutes, 37 secondsThe politics of Yatri was characterized by fighting, strife, and disorder among the Arab tribes with the Jews acting as a counterbalance.

25:4625 minutes, 46 secondsMecca's importance was its location midway along the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula and near the Red Sea.

25:5425 minutes, 54 secondsThe arid desert town was a way station for wandering nomads and camel caravans,

25:5925 minutes, 59 secondsoften 2,000 camels long, carrying spices, metals, silk, ivory, and food.

26:0626 minutes, 6 secondsA booming merchant class arose from the constant influx of travelers and merchants.

26:1326 minutes, 13 secondsMecca was also home to a sacred rock, a black stone enshrined in the Cabba by Arabs for many centuries. The Cabba made

26:2226 minutes, 22 secondsMecca a holy site for religious pilgrimage as well as a center of commerce.

26:3226 minutes, 32 secondsThe call to prophethood. Muhammad was born into the Kurish tribe in Mecca around 570.

26:4026 minutes, 40 secondsIn the year 610, Muhammad received the call as he approached the age of 40. The event is described in the Quran as a

26:4726 minutes, 47 secondssudden explosion. One night on Mount Hira, where Muhammad spent a month each year, he was visited in his sleep by the

26:5526 minutes, 55 secondsangel Gabriel, who commanded him to begin reciting. It followed that the angel Gabriel would be the channel of

27:0227 minutes, 2 secondscommunication between Muhammad and God and the revelations would come in fragments which would make up the Quran.

27:1027 minutes, 10 secondsAt first, Muhammad was confused by his experience. He told his wife Khadijah what had happened and she believed him.

27:1627 minutes, 16 secondsNext, Khadijah told Muhammad's story to a Meccan Christian who said that Muhammad was the prophet of his people that he had been approached by the same

27:2527 minutes, 25 secondsspiritual force with whom Moses, the great leader of the Jews, had communicated. While asleep, the angel

27:3227 minutes, 32 secondsGabriel took Muhammad on a supernatural journey to Jerusalem, where he met Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. After leading

27:4027 minutes, 40 secondsthem in prayer, Gabriel took him to visit heaven. Muhammad later recited this experience to Christians who confirmed his description of the

27:4827 minutes, 48 secondstopography of Jerusalem. Muhammad was now convinced that God had indeed chosen him for a special mission.

27:5727 minutes, 57 secondsOpposition and rejection. In 613,

28:0128 minutes, 1 secondMuhammad began preaching in Mecca, but won few supporters. For the first 3 years, the new religion was simply a

28:0828 minutes, 8 secondsprivate matter. Though Islam would soon develop into a complex religion with many doctrines, rituals, and traditions,

28:1528 minutes, 15 secondsduring these early days, Muhammad's message was simple and direct. Muhammad was a prophet of the one true God,

28:2328 minutes, 23 secondsAllah, who created and ruled the universe. All must praise and worship Allah. All believers were equal in the

28:3028 minutes, 30 secondseyes of Allah, and the rich should share with the poor. There was a coming judgment day when all mankind would be

28:3728 minutes, 37 secondsjudged and assigned an afterlife by Allah. Muhammad expected Christians and Jews to accept him as the latest of

28:4528 minutes, 45 secondsGod's prophets, the final extension of their monotheistic beliefs. When acceptance did not come, Muhammad was

28:5328 minutes, 53 secondsgreatly disappointed. Arab polytheists simply did not take him seriously in a society of many faiths and gods. Slowly,

29:0229 minutes, 2 secondsMuhammad won Meccan converts and relations between the prophet and the pagan Meccans deteriorated as he verbally attacked idol worshippers and

29:1129 minutes, 11 secondspilgrims who visited various deities at the Cabba. The Hijra. In the year 622,

29:1829 minutes, 18 secondstribesmen from Ythre met Muhammad at a fair where he was preaching. They embraced Muhammad for two reasons.

29:2529 minutes, 25 secondsFirst, the Jews of Ythreb had familiarized them with the idea of the coming of a prophet. Second, they thought Muhammad as a religious figure

29:3329 minutes, 33 secondsmight unite the people of Ythre and provide a solution to their communal strife. Muhammad immediately ordered his

29:4029 minutes, 40 secondsfollowers to leave Mecca and immigrate to Ythre. Muhammad's immigration to Ythre is called the Hedra. Muhammad's

29:4929 minutes, 49 secondsfollowers were called believers or Muslims. The literal meaning of Muslim is one who submits to God. The root of the word believer is submission, Islam,

30:0130 minutes, 1 secondwhich became the name of Muhammad's religion. Following the Hedra, Ythre became known as Medina, the Arabic word for city, as in the city of the prophet.

30:1230 minutes, 12 secondsThe Hedra marked the start of a new chapter in the history of humanity as the political reign of Islam had begun.

30:2230 minutes, 22 secondsThe Umah. Muhammad founded the Ummah,

30:2530 minutes, 25 secondsthe Islamic community with God as the sovereign and Muhammad as the political authority. Religion and the power of the

30:3230 minutes, 32 secondsstate were combined as one. Muhammad was the spiritual leader, chief judge, and lawgiver of the ummah. It was not

30:4030 minutes, 40 secondsMuhammad's military position that led men to accept him as leader, but his prophethood and religious status. The political and legal authority was

30:4930 minutes, 49 secondsaccepted only because of its religious basis. This would become the basis for Islamic government and loyalties of Muslims for centuries to come.

31:0431 minutes, 4 secondsThe conflict with the Jews. Relations steadily broke down between Muhammad and the Jewish tribes of Medina. The Jews

31:1131 minutes, 11 secondscould not accept that Muhammad, a Meccan merchant, was their Messiah or prophet of God. For the Jews, if a prophet

31:1931 minutes, 19 secondsarising among Gentiles was genuine, then their basic ideology of Jews being God's chosen people was false. For Muhammad,

31:2831 minutes, 28 secondsif the Jews did not accept his prophethood and still maintain power and prominence in Medina, then he could not genuinely be God's prophet and messenger.

31:3831 minutes, 38 secondsThe battle of B. In March 624, Muhammad learned that a Meccan trade caravan was

31:4531 minutes, 45 secondspassing near Medina and ordered 315 men to prepare an attack against its 900 armed Meccans. The two small armies

31:5431 minutes, 54 secondsengaged at Wad B, a dry riverbed 20 mi south of Medina. The outnumbered Muslims fought bravely as their belief in God and paradise inspired confidence.

32:0532 minutes, 5 secondsMuhammad's forces defeated the Meccans at B and returned to Medina loaded with booty and prisoners. Four-fifths of the

32:1232 minutes, 12 secondsbooty went to the raiders with the remaining 1/5if going to Muhammad for the good of the community. The battle of B was not a mere military affair. It had

32:2232 minutes, 22 secondsprofound religious significance for the Muslims. After years of hardship, they had been victorious over their original

32:2932 minutes, 29 secondsmore powerful flow. The success of B was thought of as God's deliverance for Muslims, not dissimilar to the

32:3632 minutes, 36 secondsIsraelites salvation from destruction at the hands of Pharaoh and the parting of the Red Sea. The Quran describes the

32:4332 minutes, 43 secondsevent in religious terms. You did not kill them, but God killed them. You did not shoot and strike when you shot, but

32:5132 minutes, 51 secondsGod shot to let the believers experience good from himself. The first expulsion of Jews. Days later,

33:0033 minutesMuhammad decided to rid Medina of Jews who had ridiculed his claim to prophethood. A large party of Muslims besieged them for 15 days in their

33:0933 minutes, 9 secondsstrongholds. The Kuka clan finally surrendered. They agreed to leave Medina with their families, but leave behind their arms and goldsmith's tools.

33:2133 minutes, 21 secondsThe Battle of Uh Hud. In order to maintain regional commercial operations,

33:2633 minutes, 26 secondsthe Meccans had to show they were stronger than Medina and capable of removing any threat to trade. In March

33:3333 minutes, 33 seconds625, 3,000 Meccans marched against Medina, confronting the Muslims at Uhud,

33:3933 minutes, 39 secondsthe hill near Medina. In the battle, the Meccans killed 75 Muslims while losing only 27 of their men. The Muslims in

33:4833 minutes, 48 secondsfact prevailed as the Meccan goal to remove Muhammad had failed. However,

33:5233 minutes, 52 secondswhile the Muslims were not defeated militarily at the battle of Bhad, the higher loss of men was considered a spiritual failure since military and religious issues were inseparable.

34:0434 minutes, 4 secondsWhy had they lost? Had they lost Allah's favor? As bad was a sign of God's vindication, did signify loss of favor?

34:1434 minutes, 14 secondsMuhammad realized that Muslims had become too interested in the booty of war and forgotten their duty to God.

34:2034 minutes, 20 secondsThus, God allowed the Muslim set back at UD as punishment for abandoning him and as a test. Such were the religious issues created by the battle of Uhad.

34:3134 minutes, 31 secondsSoulsearching, accepting some blame, and a return to traditional values in the face of Islamic defeat would become an enduring theme throughout the ages.

34:4234 minutes, 42 secondsThe second expulsion of Jews. In August 625, Muhammad demanded a contribution of blood money from the Jewish tribe of

34:5134 minutes, 51 secondsAnadir. The Jews refused, so he gave them an ultimatum. Leave Medina within 10 days or be killed. They would retain

34:5934 minutes, 59 secondsownership of their palm trees and receive part of the produce. The Jews again refused and a 15 days siege

35:0635 minutes, 6 secondsresulted. Anadir lost heart when the Muslims began destroying their palm trees. They agreed to Muhammad's

35:1335 minutes, 13 secondsoriginal demand, but now he imposed less favorable terms. They were to leave their weapons behind and have nothing

35:2135 minutes, 21 secondsfrom the palms. Anadir agreed and departed in a caravan of 60 camels for the settlement of Kbar, 70 mi to the

35:2935 minutes, 29 secondsnorth. Houses and palm trees belonging to the Jews were allotted to the Muslims.

35:3935 minutes, 39 secondsThe siege of Medina. On March 31st, 627,

35:4335 minutes, 43 secondsthe pagan mechans began a massive effort to defeat Muhammad and break his power in Medina. The Meccans gathered a vast

35:5135 minutes, 51 secondsconfederacy, including nomadic tribes hired to participate and numbering 10,000 men and 600 horses. Muhammad's

36:0036 minutesmen numbered only 3,000. The last remaining Jewish tribe in Medina,

36:0536 minutes, 5 secondsKurisa, tried to remain neutral. With the enemy more numerous and possessing vastly superior cavalry, Muhammad

36:1236 minutes, 12 secondsadopted a new form of defense unknown in Arabia, the digging of trenches. The siege of Medina is known as the

36:2036 minutes, 20 secondsexpedition of the Kandak or trench. The Meccans tried to persuade the Jews of Koriza to attack the Muslims from the

36:2736 minutes, 27 secondssouth, but nothing came of it. The Muslims successfully repelled all assaults for two weeks. Suddenly, rain

36:3436 minutes, 34 secondsswept the battlefield and the huge confederacy ended in disarray and withdrew.

36:4136 minutes, 41 secondsThe execution of the Jews of Kora.

36:4436 minutes, 44 secondsMuhammad concluded that the Jews of Koriza had been guilty of treasonable acts against the Umaha because they had been in contact with the Meccans. A

36:5336 minutes, 53 seconds25-day siege began. Eventually, the Kurisa asked Muhammad to be allowed to surrender on the same terms as Anadir.

37:0237 minutes, 2 secondsInstead, Muhammad appointed a judge, Sad Iben Mada, to decide the fate of the Jews. The judge decided, "I condemn the

37:1037 minutes, 10 secondsmen to death, their property to be divided by the victors, their women and children to be slaves." The sentence was

37:1737 minutes, 17 secondscarried out on the following day as the Muslims slaughtered 900 men. The women and children were sold into slavery and

37:2637 minutes, 26 secondsthe Jews land and possessions were divided amongst the Muslims. The Treaty of Al-Hudaya.

37:3537 minutes, 35 secondsIn 628, Muhammad and 1400 Muslims traveled toward Mecca, making camp at nearby Al-Hud Baya. Hostilities were

37:4437 minutes, 44 secondsavoided when Muhammad and the Meccans agreed on a treaty called the Treaty of Alhud Baya in which the two sides agreed

37:5137 minutes, 51 secondsto suspend hostilities against one another for 10 years. The treaty of Alhud Baya was favorable to Muhammad's

37:5837 minutes, 58 secondslong-term strategy to incorporate Mecca into Islam at some future date. In the meantime, Mecca would regard Muhammad as

38:0638 minutes, 6 secondsdisposed to friendliness and non-aggression. The siege of Kbar. Six weeks later,

38:1338 minutes, 13 secondsMuhammad led the Muslims on a raid of Kbar, the rich Jewish oasis to the northeast. After fierce fighting, 93

38:2138 minutes, 21 secondspeople were killed and the Jews negotiated a surrender with Muhammad. In the surrender agreement, a new principle was introduced. The Jews would continue

38:3038 minutes, 30 secondsto cultivate the land, but would give up half of their harvest as payment of tribute to the Muslims. Also, Muhammad

38:3838 minutes, 38 secondsreserved the right to break the agreement and expel them if he chose.

38:4238 minutes, 42 secondsAll the Jewish and Christian tribes in Arabia submitted to the Muslims under similar terms. The Jews and Christians,

38:5038 minutes, 50 secondsthe dei, were to pay a tribute tax known as Jiza. The pact of Kbar agreement fixed the relationship between Muslim

38:5738 minutes, 57 secondsvictors and vanquished Christian and Jewish populations when Islamic conquerors expanded beyond Arabia.

39:0739 minutes, 7 secondsThe conquest of Mecca, the treaty of al-

39:1039 minutes, 10 secondsHuriba did not last long. With his power now increased over a wide area and Mecca neutralized by the treaty, Muhammad was

39:1839 minutes, 18 secondssoon in a position to move against Mecca. In January 6:30, the prophet and 10,000 Muslim warriors advanced on

39:2639 minutes, 26 secondsMecca. The Muslim forces divided into four columns and stormed the city from four directions. The Quraysh offered

39:3439 minutes, 34 secondslittle resistance and Mecca was easily conquered.

39:3839 minutes, 38 secondsMuhammad ordered all the idols at the Cabba destroyed, rededicated it as a holy Muslim shrine, and proclaimed Mecca

39:4539 minutes, 45 secondsas the holy city of Islam. Non-believers were forbidden entry to Mecca upon penalty of death.

39:5339 minutes, 53 secondsBy 631 with the Quran and sword in hand,

39:5739 minutes, 57 secondsMuslim warriors had subjugated all the nomadic desert tribes of Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula was ruled by Muhammad

40:0440 minutes, 4 secondsand Islam. Idolatry had been eliminated from the Arabian Peninsula and the dei Jews and Christians were paying tribute to the Muslims.

40:1740 minutes, 17 secondsThe Islamic conquests, jihad and dominance over non-believers.

40:2640 minutes, 26 secondsThe death of the prophet. In the year 632, at the age of 59, Muhammad's health deteriorated and he died. Muslims across

40:3540 minutes, 35 secondsArabia were shocked at the prophet's passing. Without his presence, it was feared the ummah would fall apart and

40:4240 minutes, 42 secondsIslam would disappear. Who could rule in the place of the great Muhammad? This question elicited both a political and

40:4940 minutes, 49 secondsspiritual crisis that would plague Islam for centuries to come.

40:5640 minutes, 56 secondsMuhammad left no successor nor even a system for choosing one upon his death.

41:0141 minutes, 1 secondNo individual in the Umah had Muhammad's stature and of course no one claimed prophethood. After much argument, Muslim

41:0941 minutes, 9 secondstribal leaders chose Abu Bakr as their leader, appointing him to the office of caiff or deputy of the Muslims. Abu Bakr tried to plate the believers,

41:2041 minutes, 20 secondspronouncing that though Muhammad was gone, his holy messages would endure and Allah's rule still existed and that Islam was greater than the life of any

41:2941 minutes, 29 secondsman. However, with Muhammad gone, many desert tribes sought to sever their ties with Mecca. The breakaway movement

41:3741 minutes, 37 secondsbecame known as the apostasy wida. Abu Bakr ordered the fabled warrior Khaled Iban Alu Ali to quash the revolt. After

41:4741 minutes, 47 secondsunifying the peninsula, Khaled marched his Bedawin warriors beyond Arabia into Syria and Persia, setting the stage for

41:5541 minutes, 55 secondsthe Islamic conquests that would soon follow.

42:0442 minutes, 4 secondsIslam explodes out of Arabia. In 634,

42:0842 minutes, 8 secondsAbu Bakr named Umar Ibn Al-Catab as his successor shortly before he died. Umar referred to himself as commander of the

42:1642 minutes, 16 secondsfaithful, used by many future leaders. A period of bold expansion and conquest began as most of Byzantine and Persia,

42:2442 minutes, 24 secondsvast territories stretching from the Middle East to northern Africa fell under Muslim rule. Each success reinforced their divine mission and that

42:3342 minutes, 33 secondsAllah was on their side. As Umar carried the jihad far beyond Arabia, Jews and Christians could buy the right to life

42:4142 minutes, 41 secondsand freedom of worship if they agreed to pay tribute and accept Islamic rule.

42:4642 minutes, 46 secondsKhaled Iben Awali's statement in Damascus in 635 became standard terms of surrender for Jews and Christians. In the name of Allah, the compassionate,

42:5642 minutes, 56 secondsthe merciful. He promises to give them security for their lives, property, and churches. We give to them the pact of Allah and the protection of his prophet,

43:0643 minutes, 6 secondsthe caiffs, and the believers. So long as they pay the tax, nothing but good shall befall them. Islam conquers North

43:1443 minutes, 14 secondsAfrica, Spain, India, and China. The Islamic conquests spread over land and sea. Guided by spirited and fearless

43:2243 minutes, 22 secondsleaders, the Muslims overcame the remaining Persian armies, seizing Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and

43:2943 minutes, 29 secondsPersia. In the west, they conquered the Christian provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean from Syria and Palestine to Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.

43:4143 minutes, 41 secondsIn 7-eleven, Muslims crossed the Strait of Gibralar, advancing into the Iberian Peninsula to establish a foothold in

43:4843 minutes, 48 secondsEurope. A few years later, they controlled all of Spain and Portugal.

43:5343 minutes, 53 secondsThe Muslims then headed for Europe's heartland. They were halted in the Pyrenees by Frankish leader Charles

43:5943 minutes, 59 secondsMartell at Narbon in 720 and in 732 at the Battle of Tours at Pontiier.

44:0644 minutes, 6 secondsBy 751, Islam had expanded all the way to the Indis River Valley in India and central China.

44:1444 minutes, 14 secondsA little over one century after the death of the prophet Muhammad, Muslim rule covered more of the earth than did the Roman Empire at its peak.

44:2944 minutes, 29 secondsThe deei, the tributaries under Islamic rule, Jews and Christians were permitted full administrative and

44:3644 minutes, 36 secondsjudicial control over their communities through their religious authorities, the bishop or rabbi. Jews and Christians were allowed to keep their original

44:4444 minutes, 44 secondsfaith and live under Islamic supremacy within the UMAH in a tolerated protected status and pay a tribute tax. Islam

44:5444 minutes, 54 secondsregards Jews and Christians as religio political communities as Islam sees itself but inferior. The status of Jews

45:0245 minutes, 2 secondsand Christians under Islam is one of natural inequality based on divine beliefs because Jews and Christians

45:1045 minutes, 10 secondsfailed to recognize Muhammad as the final messenger of God thereby accepting Islam. Islamic rule recognizing a place

45:1945 minutes, 19 secondsalbeit an inferior one for other revealed religions represented a considerable advance for the era. The

45:2645 minutes, 26 secondsvery idea of coexistence, even in a state of inequality and the granting of self- administration, though oppressive

45:3345 minutes, 33 secondsby modern standards, was tolerant by medieval standards. According to a hadith, the prophet once said, "Allah

45:4145 minutes, 41 secondswould torment those who torment people in the world. Beware of the supplication of the oppressed, for there is no barrier between him and Allah. Whoever

45:5045 minutes, 50 secondswill kill a tributary will not smell the fragrance of paradise.

45:5945 minutes, 59 secondsThe covenant of Umar. As Islam expanded through Africa and Asia, it subjugated and absorbed millions of people. As

46:0846 minutes, 8 secondsIslam was the true path, Muslim conquerors saw themselves as the rightful heirs of Jewish and Christian civilization, monuments, culture, and

46:1746 minutes, 17 secondshistory. Mosques were built on the holiest of Jewish temples and Christian churches. Many cities lost their

46:2446 minutes, 24 secondsoriginal names. Amid Armenia was renamed Darbachar. Constantinople became

46:3146 minutes, 31 secondsIstanbul. Jerusalem was renamed Alkutz and Heban became Alcalo.

46:3746 minutes, 37 secondsThough many hadiths cited the prophet's admonitions against mistreatment of protected peoples, the dei status evolved to one of oppression and

46:4646 minutes, 46 secondshumiliation as a new body of rules emerged known as the covenant of Umar.

46:5246 minutes, 52 secondsAll to demonstrate the absolute supremacy of Islam. The new dei system would be practiced over an expanse of continents for over a thousand years.

47:0147 minutes, 1 secondThe implementation and harshness or level of tolerance for dei under Islam varied depending on time and place and

47:0947 minutes, 9 secondsthe ruler. Discriminatory taxes. Karage was a tax on cultivating land for

47:1647 minutes, 16 secondsfarming. Jiza, a pole tax often paid at a humiliating public ceremony in which the dei was struck on the head. In some

47:2547 minutes, 25 secondsareas, a receipt for the ja was worn around the neck as a mark of dishonor.

47:3147 minutes, 31 secondsPlaces of worship, the construction of new synagogues and churches was forbidden. Liturgy, the ringing of church bells,

47:4047 minutes, 40 secondsthe sounding of the ram's horn chauffear in public was prohibited.

47:4647 minutes, 46 secondsBurial dei cemeteries considered as being within the realm of hell were not respected.

47:5347 minutes, 53 secondsLaw dei testimony in court was not considered valid based on hadiths which maintained that non-believers were of

48:0048 minutesperverse and diabolic nature because they persisted in denying the superiority of Islam. Public administration

48:0948 minutes, 9 secondsdei were excluded from public office. So a non-believer should never exercise authority over Muslims.

48:1648 minutes, 16 secondsLiving quarters. Dei houses had to be smaller than Muslims. Slaves. Dei were not permitted to own slaves who

48:2548 minutes, 25 secondsconverted to Islam. Matrimony. Marriage or sexual relations between dei and Muslim women was punishable by death.

48:3448 minutes, 34 secondsHowever, a Muslim man could marry a deei woman. Degrading tasks. Jews and Christians were commonly assigned to

48:4248 minutes, 42 secondspublic works projects such as the digging of sistns, the construction of bridges, roads, and train tracks.

48:5048 minutes, 50 secondsRiding animals. Riding a noble animal such as a horse or camel by deei was regarded as a grave offense. Outside of

48:5948 minutes, 59 secondstowns, dei were allowed to ride on donkeys. Adei would typically have to dismount and pass a Muslim on foot to show respect.

49:1049 minutes, 10 secondsThe Islamic Empire, Golden Ages and Crusader clashes.

49:1949 minutes, 19 secondsIslamic outlook on the world. By military conquest, Islam had spread throughout the Middle East, Africa,

49:2649 minutes, 26 secondsEurope, and Asia. The golden age of Islam found many races and cultures unified under Islam, while the Arabic

49:3449 minutes, 34 secondslanguage and culture now dominated the civilized world. Muslims of every age traveled by foot,

49:4049 minutes, 40 secondsbeast, or sea, crossing huge expanses of parched desert to complete the sacred journey to Mecca, even if it took years.

49:4949 minutes, 49 secondsThe intermingling of peoples from vast societies with its Islamic emphasis on equality and brotherhood helped build a

49:5749 minutes, 57 secondsfeeling of common purpose and Islamic community throughout the empire. This resulted in an exciting exchange of

50:0450 minutes, 4 secondsideas. The Islamic Empire became the most advanced civilization in the world and it reinforced the belief in the

50:1250 minutes, 12 secondsdivinity of the Umah and the superiority of Islam. Muslims enjoyed a standard of living that surpassed the rudimentary

50:1950 minutes, 19 secondsvillage life of Christian Europe. Sakid Iban Akmad, the Kadi or judge of the Muslim city of Toledo, wrote a book in

50:2750 minutes, 27 seconds1068 describing the center and highest level of civilization in the world as the territory of Islam. The northern

50:3550 minutes, 35 secondsChristian societies represented an arrested stage of development. And to the far north and south were white and black barbarians,

50:4950 minutes, 49 secondsMuslim advances.

51:0751 minutes, 7 secondsThe experimentation by Arabs with powders, elements, and compounds evolved into the science of chemistry. The names

51:1451 minutes, 14 secondsof many chemicals originated with Arab alchemists, including alcohol, alkali,

51:2051 minutes, 20 secondssoda, olympic, and syrup. The basic components of the Arab laboratory,

51:2551 minutes, 25 secondsflasks, beers, and vials, were adopted worldwide and are still in use today.

51:3251 minutes, 32 secondsWith the Islamic conquests, Muslim doctors began adding knowledge and innovation to the field of medicine. The best known Muslim physician was al-Razi,

51:4251 minutes, 42 secondsknown as Razis by Europeans, who produced a vast medical encyclopedia.

51:4751 minutes, 47 secondsBy the 10th century, Muslims were able to conduct abdominal and cranial surgery. Modern optics were pioneered by

51:5551 minutes, 55 seconds10th century Persian physicist Iben Hathan, known as Alhazen. Muslim cities were well planned, boasting fountains,

52:0452 minutes, 4 secondspublic baths, running water, and public libraries. A distinctive Islamic architecture spread with Islam.

52:1252 minutes, 12 secondscharacteristics included large rounded domes, minoretses, mosaic tiles, marbled walls, colored glass, patios, and tiled roofs.

52:2352 minutes, 23 secondsMuslim artisans produced handcrafted items considered the most elegant in the world, including tapestries, carpets,

52:3052 minutes, 30 secondspottery, and glasswware.

52:3352 minutes, 33 secondsAs the jihad took Muslims into uncharted lands, Muslim geographers created maps,

52:3952 minutes, 39 secondsatlases, and calendars by rediscovering the Greek astrolabe, a device used in antiquity to calculate locations by the

52:4752 minutes, 47 secondselevation of the sun or star. While searching the skies, Muslim astronomers confirmed ancient Greek knowledge of

52:5552 minutes, 55 secondsplanet locations, examined sunspots, and determined the Earth was round. With advances in astronomy came great

53:0353 minutes, 3 secondsadvances in mathematics. As Muslims perfected calculus, geometry, and trigonometry, they also advanced the

53:1053 minutes, 10 secondsidea of zero as a circle-shaped symbol as if to symbolize an empty bowl.

53:1753 minutes, 17 secondsKhalif al-Mamin created the house of wisdom in Baghdad. Muslim scholars were especially interested in ancient Greek thinkers like Aristotle, Uklid,

53:2853 minutes, 28 secondsArchimedes and Galen who were at the time of little interest in Christian Europe. The most important of all the

53:3553 minutes, 35 secondsarts for Muslims was the use of the Arabic language, the language Muhammad used to speak the divine revelations of Allah.

53:4453 minutes, 44 secondsIslamic law was meticulously developed.

53:4753 minutes, 47 secondsMuslim jurists created a judicial system based on Sharia which was based on the Quran and the Hadith.

53:5853 minutes, 58 secondsWar between Christianity and Islam. A major confrontation was brewing between the empires of Islam and Christendom. In

54:0754 minutes, 7 seconds1061, the Christians launched the Reconista to reconquer Spain, resulting in the expulsion of the Muslims to

54:1554 minutes, 15 secondsMorocco. However, in 1071, the Muslims defeated Byzantine troops at the Battle of Manzikert, bringing them closer to

54:2354 minutes, 23 secondsthe longheld Islamic goal of conquering Constantinople.

54:2854 minutes, 28 secondsThe Crusades throughout Europe, religious Christians were insensed that the land where Jesus had lived was governed by Muslims and

54:3754 minutes, 37 secondsthat many Christians had converted to Islam. In 1095, Pope Urban II urged Christians across Europe to form armies

54:4554 minutes, 45 secondsof hundreds of thousands to fight the Muslims and the first crusade was launched. In 1099, the Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem,

54:5554 minutes, 55 secondsestablishing the first crusader state. However, they also committed atrocities,

55:0155 minutes, 1 secondslaying thousands of Jews and Muslims along the route.

55:1455 minutes, 14 secondsIn 1187, Muslims led by Salah Alin Saladin, one of Islam's most fabled

55:2055 minutes, 20 secondsmilitary leaders, retook Jerusalem and drove out the infidels. For the next 100 years, more crusades were launched from

55:2855 minutes, 28 secondsEurope, only to be defeated, each time by Muslim forces. By 1300, the crusading mood of Christian Europe was exhausted.

55:3755 minutes, 37 secondsHowever, while Christian warriors had expected to find barbarians in the Middle East, they were instead shocked to discover an Islamic society vastly superior to European culture.

55:5355 minutes, 53 secondsChristian Constantinople falls to Islam.

55:5655 minutes, 56 secondsThe Ottomans took political power and adopted Islam. The new Ottoman Muslim rulers waged jihad to expand the Umaha.

56:0456 minutes, 4 secondsOn April 22nd, 1453,

56:0756 minutes, 7 secondsSultan Memed II advanced on Constantinople with 100,000 soldiers and

56:1456 minutes, 14 seconds125 ships. 2 days later, the 1100year-old Christian city fell into Muslim hands.

56:2356 minutes, 23 secondsMay I renamed himself the conqueror and renamed Constantinople Istanbul. He had

56:3056 minutes, 30 secondsall elements of Christianity destroyed and made Istanbul the new capital of the Islamic Empire.

56:3856 minutes, 38 secondsThe Ottomans conquered Serbia in 1459, Bosnia in 1463, and Herzuggoina in 1483.

56:4556 minutes, 45 secondsThe Ottoman forces brought important European cities under their control,

56:5056 minutes, 50 secondsincluding Athens, Malta, Cyprus, and Bulgaria, as well as the Balkans, Armenia, and Anatolia.

56:5856 minutes, 58 secondsIslam conquers India. Between the late 12th and 14th centuries, Muslim armies penetrated northwest India. Memud of

57:0757 minutes, 7 secondsGanzi, a Muslim who led many raids on northern India, wrote, "The whole country of India is full of gold and jewels, aromatic plants and sugarcane.

57:1657 minutes, 16 secondsSince the inhabitants are chiefly infidels and idoltors by the order of God and his prophet, it is right for us to conquer them." However, Islamic

57:2557 minutes, 25 secondsbeliefs were completely incompatible with the indigenous Indian culture.

57:2957 minutes, 29 secondsHindus believed in polytheism as part of divinity while Muslims believed in only one God. Hindus believed in

57:3757 minutes, 37 secondsreincarnation while Islam believed in only one life. Muslims abstained from alcohol and Hindus did not. India had

57:4657 minutes, 46 secondsevolved a cast class system over hundreds of years segmenting the population according to economic, social and religious considerations.

57:5557 minutes, 55 secondsMuslims rejected the cast system,

57:5857 minutes, 58 secondsinstead emphasizing the Islamic ideas of equality and brotherhood amongst Muslims.

58:0458 minutes, 4 secondsIn the late 16th century, Muslim conquerors helped spread Islam deeper into India as far as Indonesia. The

58:1258 minutes, 12 secondsgreatest of them was an emperor named Akbar, who was known for building the great Taj Mahal.

58:2058 minutes, 20 secondsA new challenge.

58:2258 minutes, 22 secondsThe 16th century saw Islamic reign at its peak. However, Islam's power would decline.

58:3158 minutes, 31 secondsA new challenge was on the horizon that would devastate the Islamic world.

58:3958 minutes, 39 secondsThis invasion was coming not from an army or another faith, but from machines.

58:5558 minutes, 55 secondsThe empire in decline. The invasion of the west.

59:0359 minutes, 3 secondsMilitary decline, retreat, and humiliation.

59:0759 minutes, 7 secondsAround 1600, Christian Europe began an unprecedented historical expansion.

59:1259 minutes, 12 secondsEuropean imperialism extended in all directions as the Renaissance, the scientific revolution, and the discovery

59:1959 minutes, 19 secondsof the Americas was turned into military and economic advantage.

59:2459 minutes, 24 secondsThe military decline of Islam began in 1683 when the second Islamic advance on Vienna met with massive defeat. Next,

59:3259 minutes, 32 secondsthe Russians took possession of Aav in 1696, their first Black Sea port. Three years later, the Ottoman Empire was

59:4059 minutes, 40 secondsdefeated in Hungary by the Austrian Empire. And the Russian annexation of the Islamic land of Crimea in 1783 was

59:4859 minutes, 48 secondsanother massive blow. In 1798, Napoleon Bonapart commanded a French army that occupied Egypt, easily repelling Muslim forces.

59:5859 minutes, 58 secondsThough brief, Napoleon's appearance in Dar Al-Islam had a huge impact. It was the first armed advance into the heart

1:00:051 hour, 5 secondsof Muslim territory by the West since the Crusades, and it set off a political, religious, and intellectual reaction that continues to this day.

1:00:161 hour, 16 secondsEconomic decline. By the 18th century,

1:00:191 hour, 19 secondsEuropeans were in the throws of a major industrial revolution, allowing them to overtake the world economically. The industrial revolution was spurred by

1:00:281 hour, 28 secondstechnological advancements in mass production, steam engines, mechanized weaving machines, skilled labor, and the

1:00:351 hour, 35 secondsadvent of capitalism and global exploration. For centuries, Muslim economies prospered from the production

1:00:421 hour, 42 secondsof agricultural goods and quality art sold along Islam's extensive trade routes. Now European industry was

1:00:501 hour, 50 secondsmanufacturing an endless amount of machine fabricated products cheaper than Muslim artisans could produce by hand.

1:00:571 hour, 57 secondsAs competitive European products appeared in markets and shops throughout the world, Muslim businesses began failing and the high standard of living

1:01:051 hour, 1 minute, 5 secondsonce enjoyed by Muslims declined. Military defeat the sick man of Europe.

1:01:141 hour, 1 minute, 14 secondsBy 1877, Zar Nicholas IVth of Russia believed his forces were stronger than the Muslims. He publicly chided the

1:01:221 hour, 1 minute, 22 secondsOttoman Empire as a dying man and a corpse, and he insisted the corpse should be divided up amongst major European powers. Next, Russia claimed

1:01:311 hour, 1 minute, 31 secondsMuslims were persecuting Christian Slavs in Bulgaria and invaded. At wars end, the Islamic Empire seated Romania,

1:01:391 hour, 1 minute, 39 secondsBosnia, Herzuggavina, Cyprus,

1:01:421 hour, 1 minute, 42 secondsMontenegro, and Bulgaria. Within a few years, France invaded Morocco, Algeria,

1:01:481 hour, 1 minute, 48 secondsand Tunisia, while Egypt was conquered by Britain. Also, Italy invaded Libya,

1:01:531 hour, 1 minute, 53 secondswhile Persia was divided by Russia and Britain into spheres of influence. By 1905, the Christian West had achieved

1:02:001 hour, 2 minutesmilitary, political, and economic dominance over Muslim lands, and millions of believers were now under their control.

1:02:131 hour, 2 minutes, 13 secondsIslam's conservative response. In the Islamic view, temporary cessation of jihad against the infidel is not

1:02:201 hour, 2 minutes, 20 secondscataclysmic. However, suffering defeat and losing territory with Muslims falling under infidel political control

1:02:281 hour, 2 minutes, 28 secondswas an unknown painful experience difficult for Muslims to accept or understand even to this day. Now,

1:02:351 hour, 2 minutes, 35 secondsMuslims were under the rule of powerful Christian armies and Muslims throughout the Ummah were shocked. How could Christianity have overcome Islam? How

1:02:451 hour, 2 minutes, 45 secondscould non-believers with an inferior religion control the true believers who had submitted to Islam?

1:02:521 hour, 2 minutes, 52 secondsIslamic religious leaders and thinkers concluded that Islam had lost its way over the years from the straight path revealed by Muhammad. Only with return

1:03:011 hour, 3 minutes, 1 secondto authentic Islam would the Umah recover God's approval and support. The prophet Muhammad had reacted similarly

1:03:081 hour, 3 minutes, 8 secondsto losses to the Meccans at the battle of Ruhud and thus helped to reinforce the idea that Muslims should respond to

1:03:161 hour, 3 minutes, 16 secondssetbacks and challenges by looking inward to their ideology and roots for solutions.

1:03:231 hour, 3 minutes, 23 secondsThe cultural impact of the West.

1:03:261 hour, 3 minutes, 26 secondsHowever, the Ottoman Sultan considered the defeats as only a military deficiency. If European military was superior, then learning European

1:03:341 hour, 3 minutes, 34 secondsmilitary techniques and purchasing their weapons technology would enable Muslims to one day expel the Christians and return Islam to glory.

1:03:441 hour, 3 minutes, 44 secondsHowever, the import of European weapons necessitated the arrival of European ideas and institutions to support them.

1:03:521 hour, 3 minutes, 52 secondsAll of which shook the essence of the Umar as much as the military defeat.

1:03:571 hour, 3 minutes, 57 secondsEuropeans brought economic and technical progress to Dar al-Islam building and infrastructure of highways, railroads,

1:04:041 hour, 4 minutes, 4 secondsbridges and forts, followed by the introduction of automobiles and electricity. The West also established new means of communication, newspapers,

1:04:141 hour, 4 minutes, 14 secondsradio and television, all of which disseminated Western culture and ideas. With newspapers came journalists,

1:04:221 hour, 4 minutes, 22 secondsstrange new characters in the Muslim world who challenged authority. The plan for modernization also required the

1:04:291 hour, 4 minutes, 29 secondsintroduction of western administrative techniques and medical and educational systems into Dar al-Islam.

1:04:361 hour, 4 minutes, 36 secondsIslamic reaction to government reform.

1:04:391 hour, 4 minutes, 39 secondsPeace with the satanic Dar al-H harb extensive cooperation and cultural exchanges with christrysendom as well as adoption of western methods of

1:04:481 hour, 4 minutes, 48 secondsgovernment had farreaching theological implications for Muslim thinkers. Europe was considered Dar Alh Harb. The

1:04:561 hour, 4 minutes, 56 secondshistoric and perpetual enemy of Dar al-Islam, a permanent state of war with Darl Harb and the impurity and inferiority of the Hari were fundamental

1:05:051 hour, 5 minutes, 5 secondsbeliefs of the Umah. While reformers advocated secularism and nationalism as the path to revival, the Muslim

1:05:121 hour, 5 minutes, 12 secondsreligious class advocated exactly the opposite, that only a return to traditional Islamic doctrine would return the ummah to glory rather than

1:05:201 hour, 5 minutes, 20 secondsincorporation of new ideas. Thus, Muslim leaders considered the reform movement as nothing less than a declaration of war for the eradication of Islam.

1:05:361 hour, 5 minutes, 36 secondsthe emancipation of the Dei and European imposed reforms.

1:05:541 hour, 5 minutes, 54 secondsAs Europeans and Americans arrived in the Middle East for military service or industrial endeavors, they revisited the roots of their faith in ancient Greece,

1:06:031 hour, 6 minutes, 3 secondsthe Holy Land, and the historic churches of Christianity. They were shocked at the disintegration of ancient Christian holy sites, and seeing Christians living

1:06:121 hour, 6 minutes, 12 secondsin poverty in what they considered a biased justice system. The westerners demanded integration of tributaries into

1:06:191 hour, 6 minutes, 19 secondsthe ummah as equal citizens to Muslims because of the need for complete manpower support in modernization and

1:06:261 hour, 6 minutes, 26 secondsfrom a desire to spread the concept of equality of all religions considered a great accomplishment of 19th century

1:06:331 hour, 6 minutes, 33 secondsChristian Europe. The Ottoman Sultan was forced to sign reforms granting equal rights to minority religious groups.

1:06:441 hour, 6 minutes, 44 secondsIslamic reaction to demi emancipation.

1:06:471 hour, 6 minutes, 47 secondsThere was a tremendous difference between the Islamic concept of tolerance and protection of minorities and the European concept of equality.

1:06:561 hour, 6 minutes, 56 secondsIn fact, the inherent inequality between Muslims and deemi was an important structural aspect of daily life,

1:07:031 hour, 7 minutes, 3 secondsrelationships and politics of Dar al-Islam, a society based on religious unity under Islam with God as the sovereign.

1:07:121 hour, 7 minutes, 12 secondsDespite this, Europe abolished a fundamental principle of Islamic society. Its relationship with conquered

1:07:191 hour, 7 minutes, 19 secondsnon-believers developed over thousands of years since the deemi of Kbar and replaced it with western values of

1:07:261 hour, 7 minutes, 26 secondssecular nationalism and religious equality.

1:07:301 hour, 7 minutes, 30 secondsMuslims therefore interpreted western religious equality as subversive heresy forced upon them by Christrysendom in

1:07:381 hour, 7 minutes, 38 secondsorder to weaken Islam. Muslims also feared emancipation would sew the seeds of tributary nationalist uprisings as

1:07:461 hour, 7 minutes, 46 secondsgroups might try to claim back their independence and perhaps seek revenge on Muslims.

1:07:581 hour, 7 minutes, 58 secondsDeei rebellions. In fact, rebellions by Christian Deei in the Balkans, Greece,

1:08:041 hour, 8 minutes, 4 secondsand Anatolia resulted in 3 million Muslims being expelled from Christian domination with over 250,000

1:08:121 hour, 8 minutes, 12 secondskilled in Bulgaria. Next, emboldened Armenian Christian groups demanded equal rights and independence from the Uma. At

1:08:201 hour, 8 minutes, 20 secondsthe onset of World War I, Armenians fought with the Russian army and collaborated with the British Navy.

1:08:271 hour, 8 minutes, 27 secondsHistorically for the Umaha, treasonous behavior by Adei group under the protection of the Umah was grounds for

1:08:341 hour, 8 minutes, 34 secondsexpulsion or as was the case of the Jews of Kurisa, extermination.

1:08:421 hour, 8 minutes, 42 secondsOn June 13th, 1915, the Ottoman government issued a decree. The Armenian societies now have dared join themselves

1:08:511 hour, 8 minutes, 51 secondsto the enemies now at war with our state. All Armenians are obliged to leave within 5 days under the escort of

1:08:581 hour, 8 minutes, 58 secondsthe gendarmmorary. The Christians were told they were being sent to new quarters for resettlement. And so began the death marches the Turks called caravans.

1:09:081 hour, 9 minutes, 8 secondsA special organization of mobile killing squads decimated the caravans along the way as well as ordinary Kurds. Railway

1:09:171 hour, 9 minutes, 17 secondscattle wagons were used to herd Christian men to the Syrian desert and placed in camps to suffer starvation and final pillillage and death by local

1:09:251 hour, 9 minutes, 25 secondsnomads. On September 15th, 1915, the Turkish interior minister Tallet Pasha

1:09:321 hour, 9 minutes, 32 secondscabled an instruction to his prefect in Aleppo. You have already been informed that the government has decided to destroy completely all the indicated

1:09:411 hour, 9 minutes, 41 secondspersons living in Turkey. Their existence must be terminated. However tragic the measures taken may be and no

1:09:481 hour, 9 minutes, 48 secondsregard must be paid to either age or sex or any scruples of conscience.

1:09:541 hour, 9 minutes, 54 secondsThe estimated final death toll 1 and a half million.

1:10:021 hour, 10 minutes, 2 secondsThe seeds of the Jewish Holocaust.

1:10:051 hour, 10 minutes, 5 secondsHaving allied itself with Germany at the outset of World War I, German military officers and diplomats were present throughout Turkey. They did not

1:10:141 hour, 10 minutes, 14 secondsparticipate in tributary massacres but observed and reported and would later bring their experiences to the Nazi

1:10:201 hour, 10 minutes, 20 secondsregime. France von Poppins served as chief of general staff of the fourth Turkish army in Syria and Palestine.

1:10:281 hour, 10 minutes, 28 secondsLater he helped the Nazis seize power and served as Hitler's vice chancellor and president of Prussia. Lieutenant General Hans von Seit served as the

1:10:371 hour, 10 minutes, 37 secondschief of staff at Ottoman General Headquarters during 1917 and was instrumental in the reemergence of the

1:10:441 hour, 10 minutes, 44 secondsVermont in the 1930s and the formation of the SS units.

1:10:491 hour, 10 minutes, 49 secondsRudolfph Hes joined the German army in Turkey in 1916. In 1940 he was appointed commandon of Awitz and he became deputy

1:10:581 hour, 10 minutes, 58 secondsinspector of all Nazi concentration camps at SS headquarters in 1944.

1:11:041 hour, 11 minutes, 4 secondsDr. Max Irwin vonubner Richtor was German vice council in Erzurum in 1915 and witnessed massacres of Armenians in

1:11:131 hour, 11 minutes, 13 secondsBitless province. He submitted to Berlin 15 reports on the deportations and mass killings. Schubner Richtor was

1:11:201 hour, 11 minutes, 20 secondsintroduced to Hitler by Alfred Rosenberg, the leading theorist of Nazi ideology and became one of Hitler's closest adviserss.

1:11:291 hour, 11 minutes, 29 secondsHitler stated to his commanding generals at Ober Salsburg on August 22nd, 1939,

1:11:351 hour, 11 minutes, 35 secondswho after all speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians.

1:11:421 hour, 11 minutes, 42 secondsAlso serving in the Ottoman army in World War I was a young officer from Jerusalem, Amin Al-Husini.

1:11:531 hour, 11 minutes, 53 secondsThe end of the Empire. After World War I, the newly formed League of Nations assigned Great Britain, Palestine, Trans

1:12:011 hour, 12 minutes, 1 secondJordan, and Iraq, and the French received Syria and Lebanon. Next, a strong military leader, Mustafa Kamal,

1:12:091 hour, 12 minutes, 9 secondswho later became known as Adaturk, took power in Turkey. To save Turkey, he decided Islam must be separated completely from government and law.

1:12:201 hour, 12 minutes, 20 secondsTurkish law was rewritten from Quranic law to incorporate the basic tenants of the legal systems found in Western Europe, and the Roman alphabet was substituted for Arabic script.

1:12:311 hour, 12 minutes, 31 secondsKamal declared civil rights for both men and women and established a democratic constitution that called for elections

1:12:381 hour, 12 minutes, 38 secondsof a president and parliament. Legal and constitutional reform came with the establishment of western law and courts

1:12:451 hour, 12 minutes, 45 secondsof law. With new legal reforms, the lawyer came into existence. Another strange character who wanted a hand in

1:12:521 hour, 12 minutes, 52 secondspolitics to challenge authority. Friday was no longer an official day of prayers. Polygamy was abolished. Women

1:13:001 hour, 13 minuteswere not required to wear veils and Muslim clothes were banned in public. Kamal ended the 1300year-old caiphate,

1:13:091 hour, 13 minutes, 9 secondssending Sultan Muhammad V 6th into exile.

1:13:131 hour, 13 minutes, 13 secondsIn 1923, Kamal declared an official end to the Islamic Empire.

1:13:241 hour, 13 minutes, 24 secondsMy friends, those who conquer by the sword are doomed to be overcome by those who conquer with the plow. That is what

1:13:301 hour, 13 minutes, 30 secondshappened to the Ottoman Empire. The arm that wields the sword grows weary. But the arm that holds the plow grows daily

1:13:381 hour, 13 minutes, 38 secondsstronger and in growing stronger becomes yet more the master and owner of the soil.

1:13:481 hour, 13 minutes, 48 secondsThe jihad against Israel. Islam's Jewish problem reemerges.

1:13:561 hour, 13 minutes, 56 secondsThe rise of Zionism. In 1882, 4,000 young Russian Jews arrived in Palestine,

1:14:041 hour, 14 minutes, 4 secondsmarking the beginning of the movement for Jewish nationalism, Zionism, which envisioned the return of Jews to their ancient homeland and the reestablishment

1:14:131 hour, 14 minutes, 13 secondsof a Jewish state. At the time, Jews numbered around 25,000 or only 10% of

1:14:191 hour, 14 minutes, 19 secondsthe total population of Palestine. Many immigrants were Jewish students and members of Hovet Zion, lovers of Zion,

1:14:271 hour, 14 minutes, 27 secondswho carried romantic, nationalist, and socialist ideals with them to the land of Zion. However, the young Russian Jews

1:14:351 hour, 14 minutes, 35 secondswere not religious. Instead, they came to work the land and establish agricultural settlements. The Russian Jews migrated to Zion for the same

1:14:441 hour, 14 minutes, 44 secondsreasons Theodore Herzel had written his famous book their Judens the Jewish state anti-semitism anti-semitic laws in

1:14:531 hour, 14 minutes, 53 secondsRussia pograms and insecurity in Eastern Europe.

1:14:591 hour, 14 minutes, 59 secondsIn 1897 the first Zionist conference met in Basil Switzerland led by Theodore Herzel. Several waves of immigrants

1:15:081 hour, 15 minutes, 8 secondsfollowed, bringing the Jewish population in Palestine to 90,000 by 1914.

1:15:141 hour, 15 minutes, 14 secondsSeveral thousand Jews also arrived from Yemen, North Africa, and Central Asia.

1:15:221 hour, 15 minutes, 22 secondsWe're pursuing diplomacy to help bring peace to the Holy Land. Palestine and the Balffor Declaration.

1:15:291 hour, 15 minutes, 29 secondsThe Romans had renamed Judea as Palestina when they conquered the area and exiled the Jews. After the Muslim

1:15:361 hour, 15 minutes, 36 secondsconquests, the name Palestine was not used in the area itself. While Europeans used the term Holy Land, on November

1:15:451 hour, 15 minutes, 45 seconds2nd, 1917, the British government in the Balffor Declaration declared that it would facilitate the establishment in

1:15:521 hour, 15 minutes, 52 secondsPalestine of a national home for the Jewish people. By 1929, the Jewish population in Palestine reached 160,000.

1:16:031 hour, 16 minutes, 3 secondsBy 1936, with Hitler and German anti-semitism on the rise in Europe, Jews totaled 400,000,

1:16:101 hour, 16 minutes, 10 secondsaround 30% of the population.

1:16:141 hour, 16 minutes, 14 secondsMisplacement of Western values. Labor Zionist leaders hoped to win Muslim support for a Jewish state, believing

1:16:211 hour, 16 minutes, 21 secondseconomic benefits and education were their goals. The labor Zionists thought local Arabs saw themselves as a deprived

1:16:281 hour, 16 minutes, 28 secondseconomic working class, as they saw themselves. Clearly, the early Zionist pioneers did not understand Islam. The

1:16:361 hour, 16 minutes, 36 secondspassions of the believers nor their world view. Arab opposition to Jewish settlement in Palestine became intense.

1:16:431 hour, 16 minutes, 43 secondsSmall bands of Arabs attacked individual Jews in Jewish settlements, becoming more organized and widespread over time.

1:16:511 hour, 16 minutes, 51 secondsMajor attacks occurred in 1929,

1:16:531 hour, 16 minutes, 53 secondsincluding the Heban massacre, where 67 Jews were murdered, and the Safet Massacre, where 18 Jews were killed and 200 homes burned and looted,

1:17:091 hour, 17 minutes, 9 secondsIslam versus Zionism. With a potential of Jewish statethood,

1:17:141 hour, 17 minutes, 14 secondsthe World Islamic Congress convened for the first time in Jerusalem on December 7th, 1931.

1:17:201 hour, 17 minutes, 20 secondsIt was attended by 130 Muslim leaders from 22 Muslim countries. Chaired by the MUI of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin Al-Husini.

1:17:301 hour, 17 minutes, 30 secondsThey examined the extensive Jewish elements in the Quran, early Islamic history, and Islamic theology. These

1:17:371 hour, 17 minutes, 37 secondsMuslim thinkers concluded the Islamic position toward a Jewish state should be one of total rejection.

1:17:441 hour, 17 minutes, 44 secondsZionism is ipso facto an aggression detrimental to Muslim well-being and that it is directly ousting Muslims from

1:17:521 hour, 17 minutes, 52 secondsthe control of Muslim land and Muslim holy places. The Congress also called for a boycott of the Jews in Palestine.

1:18:011 hour, 18 minutes, 1 secondIn Islam, historic worldly events on a political level are an affirmation of faith. With Islam's initial statethood

1:18:091 hour, 18 minutes, 9 secondsin Medina, the fulfillment of religion for Muslims was the dominance of Islam over non-believers.

1:18:161 hour, 18 minutes, 16 secondsTherefore, a Jewish state was impossible, intolerable, dangerous, and totally incompatible with Islam and

1:18:241 hour, 18 minutes, 24 secondshistoric truths. Additionally, Zionists were considered by Muslims to be a tool of Western imperialism, using their most

1:18:321 hour, 18 minutes, 32 secondsevil ancient enemy, the Jews, to penetrate and undermine Islam.

1:18:481 hour, 18 minutes, 48 secondsThe British Royal Commission. In 1936,

1:18:521 hour, 18 minutes, 52 secondsthe British Royal Commission on Palestine was established. Labour Zionist leaders Haim Whitesman and David Bengurian testified with little conviction for a Jewish state.

1:19:031 hour, 19 minutes, 3 secondsWhitesman, the future first president of Israel, testified, "If there is going to be a Jewish state one day, it will only be when we are worthy of it, and it may

1:19:121 hour, 19 minutes, 12 secondstake hundreds of years. We realize we cannot have the whole of Palestine.

1:19:181 hour, 19 minutes, 18 secondsDavid Bengurian, the future first prime minister of Israel, proclaimed, "There are other inhabitants in Palestine and they have a right not to be at the mercy

1:19:271 hour, 19 minutes, 27 secondsof the Jews for the solution of the Jewish problem. It is not necessary that Palestine should constitute a separate

1:19:331 hour, 19 minutes, 33 secondsstate. Also, there are holy places in Palestine which should be placed under a higher supervision."

1:19:411 hour, 19 minutes, 41 secondsThe next to testify was Vladimir Zev Jabotenski, the creator of the Jewish Legion in World War I, an apostle of

1:19:491 hour, 19 minutes, 49 secondsmilitant Zionism. Jabotensky articulated the Jewish demand for statehood in terms of desperation and the need for

1:19:571 hour, 19 minutes, 57 secondsimmediate salvation for millions of doomed Jews in Europe. We are facing an elemental calamity. Three generations of

1:20:051 hour, 20 minutes, 5 secondsJewish thinkers and Zionists have come to the conclusion that the cause of our suffering is the very fact of the diaspora. The fact that we are everywhere a minority.

1:20:241 hour, 20 minutes, 24 secondsInternational.

1:20:491 hour, 20 minutes, 49 secondsWe have got to save millions, many millions who are virtually knocking at the door of Palestine asking for

1:20:551 hour, 20 minutes, 55 secondsadmission. That is for salvation. We cannot concede anything. Yes, we do want a state. That is the normal condition

1:21:031 hour, 21 minutes, 3 secondsfor our people. I have the profoundest feeling for the Arab case. It is quite understandable that the Arabs of Palestine would also prefer Palestine to

1:21:121 hour, 21 minutes, 12 secondsbe the Arab state number four, number five, number six. But when the Arab claim is confronted with our Jewish

1:21:191 hour, 21 minutes, 19 secondsdemand to be saved, it is like the claims of appetite versus the claims of starvation.

1:21:271 hour, 21 minutes, 27 secondsAn American destroyer comes alongside a cruiser in the Suez Canal. King Abd Alaziz Iban Seahud met with President

1:21:341 hour, 21 minutes, 34 secondsRoosevelt and British Colonel HRP Dixon who submitted the king's comments to the Royal Commission on Palestine. Today we

1:21:421 hour, 21 minutes, 42 secondsand our subjects are deeply troubled over this Palestine question and the strange hypnotic influence which the Jews, a race accursed by God according

1:21:501 hour, 21 minutes, 50 secondsto his holy book and destined to final destruction and eternal damnation appear to wield over them and the English

1:21:571 hour, 21 minutes, 57 secondspeople. The Quran contains God's own word and divine ordinance, and we commend His Majesty's government to read

1:22:051 hour, 22 minutes, 5 secondsand carefully peruse that portion which deals with the Jews and especially what is to be their fate in the end. Your

1:22:121 hour, 22 minutes, 12 secondsgovernment must at once further restrict all further immigration of Jews into Palestine. If I, an ignorant Bedawin

1:22:191 hour, 22 minutes, 19 secondsArab of Arabia, can see as clearly as I see the sun rise, that the proposed partition of Palestine is wicked and

1:22:271 hour, 22 minutes, 27 secondswrong in God's sight. Surely, the more clever Western politicians, if they fear God at all, can see this also.

1:22:351 hour, 22 minutes, 35 secondsTherefore, there is no other side to this question except bargaining with Satan. Finally, Hajj Amin Al-Huseni appeared before the Royal Commission.

1:22:461 hour, 22 minutes, 46 secondsLord Peele asked, "You want completely to stop Jewish immigration? What do you want to do with the 400,000 Jews there

1:22:541 hour, 22 minutes, 54 secondsat present?" The Muy answered, "Muslim rule has always been known for its tolerance. According to history, Jews

1:23:011 hour, 23 minutes, 1 secondhad a most quiet and peaceful residence under Arab rule with complete freedom and liberty.

1:23:071 hour, 23 minutes, 7 secondsAs an Islamic leader, Husini believed that Jewish political independence did not fit into Islamic society as Islam's

1:23:151 hour, 23 minutes, 15 secondsnatural socio-religious order allowed only for a Muslim Jewish relationship of protector and tributary.

1:23:231 hour, 23 minutes, 23 secondsJust as was the case with the Armenian Christians, the Jews refusal to accept tributary status was grounds for

1:23:301 hour, 23 minutes, 30 secondsphysical termination, not for independence.

1:23:511 hour, 23 minutes, 51 secondsThe war against the Jews. In 1939, Great Britain acquiesed to the Muslim arguments and issued a white paper

1:24:001 hour, 24 minuteslimiting Jewish immigration to Palestine to only 10,000 per year for 5 years. Any additional Jewish immigration was to be

1:24:081 hour, 24 minutes, 8 secondsmade only with Arab consent. With the white paper, Great Britain abandoned the idea of the Balffor Declaration of

1:24:161 hour, 24 minutes, 16 secondshelping to create a Jewish homeland and cut off one of the few routes of escape for Jews of Europe who were being persecuted and exterminated by the Nazis.

1:24:301 hour, 24 minutes, 30 secondsDespite the British blockade, the Jews continued with illegal immigration by sea. On November 28th, 1941, Haj Amin

1:24:391 hour, 24 minutes, 39 secondsal-Husini submitted a draft to Hitler asking him to declare that Germany and Italy recognize the right of the Arab

1:24:471 hour, 24 minutes, 47 secondscountries to solve the question of the Jewish elements as the Jewish question was solved in Germany and Italy. Later

1:24:551 hour, 24 minutes, 55 secondsin the war, the Muy went to work for Nazi Germany as a propagandist and a recruiter of Muslim volunteers for the German armed forces, organizing and

1:25:041 hour, 25 minutes, 4 secondsrecruiting Bosnian Muslims into several divisions of the Waffan SS.

1:25:271 hour, 25 minutes, 27 secondsOn March 1st, 1944, while speaking on Radio Berlin, Al Husini said, "Arabs rise as one man and fight for your

1:25:361 hour, 25 minutes, 36 secondssacred rights. Kill the Jews wherever you find them. This pleases God, history, and religion. God is with you."

1:25:451 hour, 25 minutes, 45 secondsAt the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1946, Adolf Ikeman's deputy, Dieter Winsky, testified, "The Muy was one of

1:25:541 hour, 25 minutes, 54 secondsthe initiators of the systematic extermination of European jewelry and had been a collaborator and adviser of Ikeman and Himmler in the execution of

1:26:031 hour, 26 minutes, 3 secondsthis plan. He was one of Ikeman's best friends and had constantly incited him to accelerate the extermination

1:26:101 hour, 26 minutes, 10 secondsmeasures." I heard him say, accompanied by Ikeman, he had visited incognito the gas chambers of Awitz.

1:26:221 hour, 26 minutes, 22 secondsThe establishment of Israel in 1947. The Palestine question came before the General Assembly of the United Nations.

1:26:311 hour, 26 minutes, 31 secondsThe Arabs of Palestine cannot go into any political discussion on the basis of any Jewish state in Palestine. Surely

1:26:391 hour, 26 minutes, 39 secondsthe Jewish people is no less deserving than other peoples.

1:26:431 hour, 26 minutes, 43 secondsAre the Arabs responsible for that problem?

1:26:461 hour, 26 minutes, 46 secondsHave they acted or worked or helped in creating such a problem? The Jewish people were your allies in the war and

1:26:541 hour, 26 minutes, 54 secondsjoined their sacrifices to yours to achieve a common victory.

1:26:591 hour, 26 minutes, 59 secondsThe admission of the applicant if taken would be the highest consumation of injustice.

1:27:061 hour, 27 minutes, 6 secondsDr. Witzman's first name was C H A I M and I didn't know how to pronounce it.

1:27:111 hour, 27 minutes, 11 secondsSo I called him Cham. We had a long long conversation and he explained the situation from his viewpoint and I

1:27:201 hour, 27 minutes, 20 secondslistened to him very carefully. When we were through I said all right you two Jews have put it over on me and I'm glad

1:27:271 hour, 27 minutes, 27 secondsyou have. The United States delegation supports the basic principles of the unanimous recommendations and the

1:27:341 hour, 27 minutes, 34 secondsmajority plan which provides for petition and immigration.

1:27:381 hour, 27 minutes, 38 secondsThe New Zealand delegation will of course of course vote for the admission of Israel.

1:27:451 hour, 27 minutes, 45 secondsAfghanistan? No. Argentina abstension. France. Yes.

1:27:521 hour, 27 minutes, 52 secondsThe resolution of the duck committee for Palestine was adopted by 33 votes 13 against 10 abstinations.

1:28:101 hour, 28 minutes, 10 secondsOn May 14th, 1948, the British government terminated its Palestine mandate. And on May 15th, 1948, David

1:28:191 hour, 28 minutes, 19 secondsBengurian declared the independent state of Israel.

1:28:311 hour, 28 minutes, 31 secondsfor

1:28:551 hour, 28 minutes, 55 secondsyou is

1:29:171 hour, 29 minutes, 17 secondsEastward, the Arab Legion poised for invasion on the Trans Jordan border,

1:29:201 hour, 29 minutes, 20 secondsKing Abdullah reviewed a brigade of reinforcements from Iraq.

1:29:281 hour, 29 minutes, 28 secondsImmediately, a coalition of armies from Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon invaded the new

1:29:361 hour, 29 minutes, 36 secondsJewish state. The war was marked by long periods of fighting and temporary ceasefires with hostilities officially ending in January 1949.

1:29:461 hour, 29 minutes, 46 secondsAt that time, Israel held 5600 square miles of territory allotted in the UN partition plan, plus an additional 2500

1:29:551 hour, 29 minutes, 55 secondssquare miles, while Trans Jordan held the eastern sector of Jerusalem and the West Bank, and Egypt held the Gaza Strip. The Muslim states refused to

1:30:041 hour, 30 minutes, 4 secondsnegotiate peace or recognize Israel's right to exist and remained in a state of war with Israel.

1:30:111 hour, 30 minutes, 11 secondsIslam's Jewish problem reemerges.

1:30:141 hour, 30 minutes, 14 secondsMuslims reacted to the Jewish victory with shock. It caused a theological challenge of the greatest scope imaginable. Islamic Jewish military

1:30:231 hour, 30 minutes, 23 secondsconflict had now reoccurred with opposite results.

1:30:301 hour, 30 minutes, 30 secondsWhile the Muslims of the first Umaha in Medina had defeated the Jews, the Jews had now achieved political independence,

1:30:381 hour, 30 minutes, 38 secondsovercome Muslims in battle, and ruled over Muslims in a land that was taken by Dar Al-Islam at the outset of the great conquests.

1:30:481 hour, 30 minutes, 48 secondsThe Jews were known to be weak,

1:30:491 hour, 30 minutes, 49 secondscowardly, impure, and condemned by God to humiliation. Such people were not supposed to defeat them. A Jewish state

1:30:581 hour, 30 minutes, 58 secondswas the ultimate insult and degradation whereby protectors became tributaries and tributaries became protectors.

1:31:091 hour, 31 minutes, 9 secondsWhile Islam's initial victory over the Jews in the time of Muhammad was a sign of coming conquests and divine vindication, it was feared their defeat

1:31:181 hour, 31 minutes, 18 secondsby the Jews might signal the final demise after a decline of 300 years.

1:31:231 hour, 31 minutes, 23 secondsHence, Muslims considered the founding of the state of Israel to be a knockb, a catastrophe of historic proportions.

1:31:311 hour, 31 minutes, 31 secondsWithin a few years, every Arab ruler whose army was defeated by the Jews was removed or overthrown.

1:31:391 hour, 31 minutes, 39 secondsKing Abdullah, who was 69, was shot as he was going to pray at the mosque of Omar.

1:31:461 hour, 31 minutes, 46 secondsFrom Caro come these first authentic pictures of the bloodless coup by which the army took over control of Egypt.

1:31:571 hour, 31 minutes, 57 secondsIslamic anti-Jewish doctrines on the Dini state. Israel's existence recalled Islam's age-old Jewish problem first

1:32:061 hour, 32 minutes, 6 secondsfelt by Muhammad in the early years of the Ummah in Medina. How could Islam thrive and find salvation if inferior

1:32:131 hour, 32 minutes, 13 secondsJews were politically powerful? And it required the same solution. eradication of political independence of Jews and the domination of the Umahmah over them.

1:32:251 hour, 32 minutes, 25 secondsDuring the 1950s and 1960s, the World Islamic Conference and Islamic Thinkers continued to formulate Islamic

1:32:331 hour, 32 minutes, 33 secondsanti-Jewish doctrine from Islam's historic trials with Jews and brought it into modern focus. The conflict was

1:32:411 hour, 32 minutes, 41 secondsdescribed as Islamic truth versus Jewish evil. The root of all evil being Zionism and the state of Israel. Arabic

1:32:491 hour, 32 minutes, 49 secondstranslations of Western anti-semitic doctrines, particularly the classic anti-semitic fiction alleging a Jewish

1:32:561 hour, 32 minutes, 56 secondsplot for world domination. The protocols of the elders of Zion helped advance the major theme of Jews as lowly, miserable,

1:33:051 hour, 33 minutes, 5 secondsconniving, cowardly, and vile characters. As such, Israel was totally inferior, unnatural and absurd and with no legal or moral right to exist.

1:33:181 hour, 33 minutes, 18 secondsSed Katab, an early writer of Islamic doctrine on the Jews in Israel, authored an influential work in the early 1950s entitled Our Struggle with the Jews.

1:33:291 hour, 33 minutes, 29 secondsKatab wrote, "The struggle between Islam and the Jews continues and is destined to continue in the future because the

1:33:361 hour, 33 minutes, 36 secondsJews will be satisfied only with the destruction of this religion." This thinking was totally adopted by Muslim

1:33:431 hour, 33 minutes, 43 secondsintellectuals, Arab governments, the Arab League, religious leaders, and their media, and a systemwide

1:33:501 hour, 33 minutes, 50 secondsculture-wide anti-Israel formula took root in all aspects of public life of Muslim countries. These attitudes were

1:33:581 hour, 33 minutes, 58 secondstaught and promoted as standardized formula in education and literature and political ideology among all leaders and masses of the Muslim world.

1:34:081 hour, 34 minutes, 8 secondsOne, Israel is a threat to Islamic identity because of its Western culture and ideas. Two, the Zionists and the

1:34:151 hour, 34 minutes, 15 secondsWest wish to strip Islam of traditional values and replace them with Western and secular values. Three, Israel was

1:34:241 hour, 34 minutes, 24 secondsfounded due to Western guilt over the Holocaust and exists only out of Western assistance. Four, Jerusalem must be

1:34:311 hour, 34 minutes, 31 secondsreconquered by Muslims in order to restore the Middle East as in the time of the prophet Muhammad. Five, racist

1:34:391 hour, 34 minutes, 39 secondsWestern secular Jews invaded Palestine and drove out the indigenous Palestinian Arabs, and they now discriminate against

1:34:461 hour, 34 minutes, 46 secondsthe remaining Muslims as well as Jews from Arab lands. Six, Jews have no historical ties to the Middle East.

1:34:541 hour, 34 minutes, 54 secondsModern Jews are descended from the central Asian tribe called the Khazars,

1:34:591 hour, 34 minutes, 59 secondswhose government adopted Judaism in the Middle Ages. And since Jews had no place in history, they therefore have no right to exist as part of geography.

1:35:091 hour, 35 minutes, 9 secondsSeven, Israel and Jews have an evil nature.

1:35:421 hour, 35 minutes, 42 secondseconomic and political jihad. Next,

1:35:461 hour, 35 minutes, 46 secondsMuslim countries instituted economic and political, social, and cultural warfare on the new Jewish state. In 1952, an

1:35:541 hour, 35 minutes, 54 secondseconomic boycott office was established in Damascus officially as a response to Israel's refusal to allow Palestinian

1:36:021 hour, 36 minutes, 2 secondsArabs who had left during the fighting of 1948 to return. While Israel argued it accepted about the same number of

1:36:091 hour, 36 minutes, 9 secondsJewish refugees from Arab countries, the boycott had two official levels.

1:36:151 hour, 36 minutes, 15 secondsPrimary, no direct trade between Arab countries and Israel. Secondary, refusal by Arab states to trade with certain

1:36:231 hour, 36 minutes, 23 secondscompanies, which reinforced the political and military potential of Israel. Politically, Muslim countries

1:36:311 hour, 36 minutes, 31 secondswaged a campaign to isolate the Jewish state. In international forums, they vilified Israel as a scapegoat

1:36:381 hour, 36 minutes, 38 secondsresponsible for various conflicts within the Muslim world and other regions.

1:36:421 hour, 36 minutes, 42 secondsusing the same terminology applied to Jews in Muhammad's time. Arrogant, stubborn, and insolent.

1:36:501 hour, 36 minutes, 50 secondsMeanwhile, Egyptian President Gaml Abdal Nasser spoke of establishing a great Arab nation from Africa to India. Though

1:36:581 hour, 36 minutes, 58 secondsNasser promoted Arab nationalism as a secular idea, it was in fact based on many Islamic ideals.

1:37:071 hour, 37 minutes, 7 secondsCentral to Nasser's popular message was hatred for Israel and his passion for eliminating it. In 1955, he said, "To

1:37:161 hour, 37 minutes, 16 secondsthe disaster of Palestine, there is no parallel in human history. The mention of Palestine is sufficient to remind

1:37:231 hour, 37 minutes, 23 secondsevery Arab, indeed every free man, of the greatest international crime that has been committed in the entire history

1:37:301 hour, 37 minutes, 30 secondsof mankind. In 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization was founded by

1:37:371 hour, 37 minutes, 37 secondsthe Arab League in Egypt and in 1965 began attacks against Israel as a precursor to the next military jihad.

1:37:581 hour, 37 minutes, 58 secondsThe Six-Day War.

1:38:071 hour, 38 minutes, 7 secondsOn May 16th, 1967, Nasser evicted the United Nations forces stationed on the Egyptian Israeli border, removing the

1:38:151 hour, 38 minutes, 15 secondsinternational buffer between Egypt and Israel. On May 22nd, Egypt announced a blockade of the Straits of Thran,

1:38:221 hour, 38 minutes, 22 secondsblocking the Israeli port of Elat. On May 30th, President Nasser and King Hussein of Jordan signed a mutual

1:38:301 hour, 38 minutes, 30 secondsdefense pact, followed on June 4th by a defense pact between Egypt and Iraq.

1:38:361 hour, 38 minutes, 36 secondsThe Muslim states began mobilizing their troops.

1:38:421 hour, 38 minutes, 42 secondsFinally, Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt on June 5th, 1967,

1:38:481 hour, 38 minutes, 48 secondsretaking the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip.

1:38:591 hour, 38 minutes, 59 secondsJordan attacked Israel and lost the West Bank and the old city of Jerusalem.

1:39:071 hour, 39 minutes, 7 secondsEspecially painful to Muslims was the loss of the

1:39:201 hour, 39 minutes, 20 secondsAl Axa mosque. Israel went on to capture the Golan Heights from Syria. The war ended on June 10th.

1:39:281 hour, 39 minutes, 28 secondsIsraeli Chief of Staff Mosha Dian was widely credited with Israel's success due to photos of him marching through Jerusalem. However, Diane in fact

1:39:381 hour, 39 minutes, 38 secondsopposed preempting the war as well as the offensive against Syria to take the Golden Heights. A few months later,

1:39:451 hour, 39 minutes, 45 secondsmeeting in Kartum, Sudan, the Muslim heads of state and Muslim leaders,

1:39:501 hour, 39 minutes, 50 secondsincluding Haj Amin al- Husini, declared that their formal position was no peace,

1:39:551 hour, 39 minutes, 55 secondsno recognition, and no negotiation with Israel.

1:40:001 hour, 40 minutesThe 1967 defeat, Islamic reaction. The defeat of the 1967 6-day war stunned the

1:40:071 hour, 40 minutes, 7 secondsIslamic world. Muslims called it the second Nakba.

1:40:111 hour, 40 minutes, 11 secondsStarting in 1948, Arab nationalists had seen the problem of Israel as primarily military and reacted just as the Turks

1:40:201 hour, 40 minutes, 20 secondsdid after their failure to capture Vienna. They chose to build armies with foreign, in this case Soviet assistance

1:40:271 hour, 40 minutes, 27 secondsto prepare for war. Despite this, the contemptable deei Jews had defeated armies of Muslim states which had superior numbers of troops and weapons.

1:40:381 hour, 40 minutes, 38 secondsProfound theological questions again arose as to the future of Dar Al-Islam.

1:40:441 hour, 40 minutes, 44 secondsAlazar University in Cairo has been the center of Islamic higher education since the 18th century. Al Azhar University

1:40:521 hour, 40 minutes, 52 secondshas a status not dissimilar to the Vatican despite the lack of centralized Islamic authority or an official Islamic

1:40:591 hour, 40 minutes, 59 secondsclergy. Its opinions represent official Islamic positions on all matters.

1:41:051 hour, 41 minutes, 5 secondsOver the centuries, Islam always employed a furious backlash of traditionalism whenever the Umah seemed to stray from the straight path. Al

1:41:141 hour, 41 minutes, 14 secondsAzhar concluded the sacred duty of every Muslim is twofold. to thwart the destructive falsehoods spread by Zionism

1:41:221 hour, 41 minutes, 22 secondsand to work for the triumph of Islam and the liberation of Al-Mashid Alaka, the Alaka mosque in Jerusalem.

1:41:301 hour, 41 minutes, 30 secondsIslamic consensus now held that an unending jihad to eliminate Israel was required. The thinking was quite simple.

1:41:381 hour, 41 minutes, 38 secondsIslam was in crisis due to internal decay and invasion by the West. The number one enemy in this crisis was the

1:41:461 hour, 41 minutes, 46 secondsJews who presented a danger to Islam on every level, military, religious,

1:41:521 hour, 41 minutes, 52 secondssocial, and political. In order to recover from the crisis, the elimination of Jewish political independence and

1:42:001 hour, 42 minutesreturn of the Jews to doomy status would be paramount to the success of rebuilding the Uma and reaffirming God's covenant with the believers.

1:42:121 hour, 42 minutes, 12 secondsthe Palestine Liberation Organization. In 1969, Muihaj Amin al-Husini's nephew,

1:42:191 hour, 42 minutes, 19 secondsMuhammad Abdal Rouf Arafat, Alcadwa Al Husini, was elected chairman of the PLO.

1:42:261 hour, 42 minutes, 26 secondsA former Egyptian army officer, he became known to the world as simply Yaser Arafat.

1:42:331 hour, 42 minutes, 33 secondsThe PLO became more of a factor and espoused a new method of worldwide commando action based on the historic

1:42:401 hour, 42 minutes, 40 secondsIslamic ideology of jihad to fight the Zionist enemy. Arafat declared, "The liberation of Palestine and putting an

1:42:481 hour, 42 minutes, 48 secondsend to Zionist penetration into Muslim states is one of the duties of the Muslim world. We must fight a jihad

1:42:551 hour, 42 minutes, 55 secondsagainst the Zionist enemy who covetss not only Palestine but the whole Arab region, including its holy places.

1:43:041 hour, 43 minutes, 4 secondsThe Yam Kapour War, the next military jihad to liberate Jerusalem occurred on October 6th, 1973.

1:43:131 hour, 43 minutes, 13 secondsEquipped with Soviet weapons, Muslim soldiers from Egypt, Syria, Iraq,

1:43:181 hour, 43 minutes, 18 secondsJordan, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Palestine began the onslaught on the Jewish holy day of Yam Kapoor. In early

1:43:271 hour, 43 minutes, 27 secondsOctober 1973, Israeli intelligence had advised Israeli Prime Minister Golden Mayer that Israel would be attacked. She

1:43:361 hour, 43 minutes, 36 secondstelephoned US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who ordered her not to preempt the attack. And Mayer acquiesced. In the first few days of the

1:43:451 hour, 43 minutes, 45 secondswar, Israel lost half of its 1700 tanks and 51 fighter jets, more than 10% of

1:43:521 hour, 43 minutes, 52 secondsits air force. Defense Minister Mosha Dion broke down and cried and suggested that Israel surrender to Egypt. The next

1:44:001 hour, 44 minutesday, Prime Minister Mayer dispatched an urgent message to President Nixon indicating Israel's situation was critical and asked for massive airlifts

1:44:091 hour, 44 minutes, 9 secondsof American military equipment. Also that day, the chairman of Exxon, Mobile,

1:44:151 hour, 44 minutes, 15 secondsTexico, and Standard Oil contacted President Nixon with an urgent message that King Fisizel stated an oil embargo would result if America assisted Israel.

1:44:251 hour, 44 minutes, 25 secondsRichard Nixon feared Soviet domination of the Middle East if Israel was eliminated. Finally, giant American

1:44:321 hour, 44 minutes, 32 secondsstarlifterss executed a massive military airlift through the Azor's Islands since no African or European government would

1:44:401 hour, 44 minutes, 40 secondsallow their airports to be used for American planes to refuel.

1:44:451 hour, 44 minutes, 45 secondsOnly the American resupply and bravery in the field by Israeli General Ariel Chiron and his forces saved the Jewish

1:44:531 hour, 44 minutes, 53 secondsstate by trapping the Egyptian Third Army west of the Suez Canal and opening the road to Cairo.

1:45:061 hour, 45 minutes, 6 secondsIn January 1974, Henry Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy arranged troop disengagement agreements between Israel

1:45:141 hour, 45 minutes, 14 secondsand Egypt and Israel and Syria. Egypt maintained a strip of territory on the east bank of the Suez Canal and the

1:45:221 hour, 45 minutes, 22 secondsSyrians a portion of the Golden Heights and the Arab world ended its oil embargo.

1:45:341 hour, 45 minutes, 34 secondsAfter consolidating their gains through Kissinger's diplomacy, Muslim countries pressed hard in diplomatic warfare to weaken Israel's international diplomatic

1:45:431 hour, 45 minutes, 43 secondsposition. Under pressure, most African and third world countries broke diplomatic relations with Israel.

1:45:501 hour, 45 minutes, 50 secondsMeanwhile, the PLO continued its campaign against Israel worldwide,

1:45:551 hour, 45 minutes, 55 secondsincluding the deaths of 21 school children in Ma Alot in northern Israel in May 1974.

1:46:121 hour, 46 minutes, 12 secondsMr. President I have come today wearing an olive branch and a gun. Don't let the olive branch fall from my hand.

1:46:271 hour, 46 minutes, 27 secondsIn 1975, the Soviet Muslim third world block at the United Nations succeeded in passing the Zionism equals racism

1:46:361 hour, 46 minutes, 36 secondsgeneral assembly resolution. A new kind of diplomatic offensive to contain,

1:46:421 hour, 46 minutes, 42 secondsreduce, and eventually eliminate the Jewish tributary state was now in the offing.

1:46:511 hour, 46 minutes, 51 secondsThe diplomatic strategy against Israel. Sedat's peace based on justice.

1:47:011 hour, 47 minutes, 1 secondSedat's strategy.

1:47:041 hour, 47 minutes, 4 secondsOn November 19th, 1977, Egyptian President Muhammad Anoir Sedat made an unprecedented historic visit to Israel,

1:47:121 hour, 47 minutes, 12 secondsmarking the first time an Arab leader made significant public contact with the Jewish state. Israelis and Western

1:47:201 hour, 47 minutes, 20 secondsobservers viewed Sedat's mission to Israel as a fundamental ideological breakthrough. However, Sedat did not

1:47:271 hour, 47 minutes, 27 secondsreally break with the past. This is a sacred mission for me.

1:47:331 hour, 47 minutes, 33 secondsA devout Muslim, Sadat did not give any legitimacy to Israel as no Muslim could ever truly accept Jewish sovereignty.

1:47:421 hour, 47 minutes, 42 secondsSedat simply chose a different path to achieve the Islamization of Palestine by exercising a pre-existing Arab

1:47:491 hour, 47 minutes, 49 secondsdiplomatic strategy that would through several diplomatic stages eliminate Jewish state.

1:47:591 hour, 47 minutes, 59 secondsThe roots of the diplomatic strategy against Israel. Saddat's diplomatic strategy was not new. In 1947, Jordan's

1:48:081 hour, 48 minutes, 8 secondsKing Abdalah had proposed acceptance of Israel on the UN terms because Muslims would retain a huge geographical

1:48:151 hour, 48 minutes, 15 secondsadvantage, allowing them to ultimately defeat the Jews at a later time. Abdalah was correct. The pursuit of a

1:48:231 hour, 48 minutes, 23 secondsmilitaryonly solution since 1948 resulted in the Jews gaining much more territory in each war. After the 1967

1:48:321 hour, 48 minutes, 32 secondsmilitary failure, Cecil Hurani, an adviser to Tunisia's president,

1:48:371 hour, 48 minutes, 37 secondspresented three objectives that were later wholly adopted by Egypt. One,

1:48:421 hour, 48 minutes, 42 secondscontainment of Israel territorially and demographically as a basis for two,

1:48:471 hour, 48 minutes, 47 secondsweakening and dissionizing Israel as preparation for three, the final transformation of Israel from a

1:48:541 hour, 48 minutes, 54 secondssovereign Jewish state into a Muslim state. Nahim Began's psychology.

1:49:031 hour, 49 minutes, 3 secondsSadat is an impleable enemy of Israel. He's no fool, but he's an enemy.

1:49:131 hour, 49 minutes, 13 secondsIn May 1977, Israelis had swept the long ruling Labor Party out of power and Herut leader Manim, a disciple of

1:49:221 hour, 49 minutes, 22 secondsVladimir Zev Jabatinski, became prime minister.

1:49:261 hour, 49 minutes, 26 secondsWhat occupied territories? If you mean Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza Strip, they are liberated territories.

1:49:331 hour, 49 minutes, 33 secondsBeen had been the leader of the Ergun Jewish underground that fought the British for independence in the years prior to Jewish statethood. The Urggon

1:49:421 hour, 49 minutes, 42 secondshad bombed the British headquarters in the King David Hotel in Jerusalem in 1946.

1:49:481 hour, 49 minutes, 48 secondsBeen past him a target of accusations of being a terrorist by Israeli Labor Party politicians over the years. As such, he

1:49:561 hour, 49 minutes, 56 secondswas psychologically predisposed to wanting to find a way to vindicate his past as well as triumph over his detractors.

1:50:061 hour, 50 minutes, 6 secondsAfter the election, Bean resurrected the failed former defense minister Mosha Dean, appointing him foreign minister.

1:50:141 hour, 50 minutes, 14 secondsLongtime Harut Party stalwart and author Schmoel Katz, another Jabatinsky disciple, was passed over. Ezar Whitesman was made defense minister.

1:50:241 hour, 50 minutes, 24 secondsBeen whitesmen and don then engaged in secret negotiations withros galley of Egypt promising to give back all of the

1:50:321 hour, 50 minutes, 32 secondscyani in exchange for peace.

1:50:401 hour, 50 minutes, 40 secondsSadat's Knesset speech peace based on justice. Before his speech to the Israeli Knesset, Anoir Sadat attended

1:50:481 hour, 50 minutes, 48 secondsprayers at the Alaka mosque in Jerusalem.

1:51:141 hour, 51 minutes, 14 secondsIn his speech to the Israeli Knesset,

1:51:161 hour, 51 minutes, 16 secondsHanoir Sadat invoked the Islamic concept of peace based on justice using the phrase 15 times.

1:51:441 hour, 51 minutes, 44 secondsJustice from the Islamic point of view would require Israel to surrender all territory it gained in the 1967 conflict.

1:52:041 hour, 52 minutes, 4 secondsSedat used the name of God 25 times suggesting that Muslim rule was the proper place for religious toleration.

1:52:431 hour, 52 minutes, 43 secondsFurther, Sedat alludes to the illegitimacy of Jewish political independence anywhere in Palestine.

1:53:031 hour, 53 minutes, 3 secondsweapon for me.

1:53:181 hour, 53 minutes, 18 secondsThe Islamic definitions of peace and justice would contain and minimize Israel geographically, making it

1:53:261 hour, 53 minutes, 26 secondsindefensible, while Israel would lose its Jewish character due to millions of returning Muslims, thereby defeating Israel by means of diplomacy.

1:53:371 hour, 53 minutes, 37 secondsIn a statement equivalent to the Islamic offer of protection to deemi standardized in 635 by Khaled Iben

1:53:451 hour, 53 minutes, 45 secondsAlwali, once an enemy is defeated, Sedat offers

1:53:581 hour, 53 minutes, 58 secondsfor

1:54:151 hour, 54 minutes, 15 secondsthe Camp David Peace Accords. If the president is gracious enough to invite me to Cairo, I shall continue there.

1:54:221 hour, 54 minutes, 22 secondsReally? I'm planning to invite him to Sinai. Thank you, sir. To who? Sinai. Well, I invite you.

1:54:301 hour, 54 minutes, 30 secondsEventually, formal Egyptian-Israeli negotiations ensued at Camp David under the guidance of US President Jimmy Carter.

1:54:581 hour, 54 minutes, 58 secondsWe are privileged to witness tonight a significant achievement in the cause of peace.

1:55:061 hour, 55 minutes, 6 secondsThe Jewish people suffered much too much and therefore peace to us is a striving

1:55:131 hour, 55 minutes, 13 secondscoming innermost from our heart and soul.

1:55:181 hour, 55 minutes, 18 secondsPeace now celebrates a great victory to Israel and the West. The Camp David

1:55:271 hour, 55 minutes, 27 secondsagreement meant western peace while Egypt saw the agreement only as the first stage to the transformation of Israel.

1:55:341 hour, 55 minutes, 34 secondsThe signing of the framework for the comprehensive peace settlement has a significance far beyond the event.

1:55:461 hour, 55 minutes, 46 secondsIt signals the emergence of a new peace initiative in the weeks ahead.

1:55:551 hour, 55 minutes, 55 secondsImportant decisions have to be made if we are to proceed on the road to peace.

1:56:021 hour, 56 minutes, 2 secondsIt calls for the full withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Sinai. In

1:56:091 hour, 56 minutes, 9 secondsreturn for peace, Israel relinquished to Egypt the Cyani Peninsula, all the military airfields, oil wells, and civilian settlements it had built there.

1:56:191 hour, 56 minutes, 19 secondsIt calls for the establishment of normal, peaceful relations between the two countries, including diplomatic

1:56:271 hour, 56 minutes, 27 secondsrelations to Israel and the West. Diplomatic exchanges and visits to Egypt implied recognition of Jewish statethood, while

1:56:341 hour, 56 minutes, 34 secondsEgypt saw it as only an insignificant formality.

1:56:381 hour, 56 minutes, 38 secondsFor each stage of withdrawal Israel completed, Egypt would grant another degree of normalization on the road to returning sovereignty to Islam. If

1:56:481 hour, 56 minutes, 48 secondsIsrael acted differently, degrees of normalization would be withdrawn. And finally, Sadat never called for peace or

1:56:551 hour, 56 minutes, 55 secondssulha, reconciliation with the Jews. He only proclaimed no more war. Let there

1:57:021 hour, 57 minutes, 2 secondsbe no more wars or bloodshed between Arabs and Israelis.

1:57:091 hour, 57 minutes, 9 secondsLet there be no more suffering or denial of rights.

1:57:151 hour, 57 minutes, 15 secondsMuslim diplomatic advantage. Muslims had 1,400 years of experience in dealing with Jews and a set of religious

1:57:221 hour, 57 minutes, 22 secondsprinciples and historic precedents to rely on. However, on the Israeli side,

1:57:281 hour, 57 minutes, 28 secondsthere was and is no explicit ideology of how to deal with Muslims since Judeaic scriptures and codes of law predate Islam. As a result, many Israelis,

1:57:401 hour, 57 minutes, 40 secondsIsraeli political parties, and Jews worldwide supported Sedat's diplomatic strategy against Israel, believing it

1:57:471 hour, 57 minutes, 47 secondsmeant true peace in Western terms. The Treaty of Alhudaya revisited. President Anoir Sadat of Egypt.

1:58:031 hour, 58 minutes, 3 secondsAlazar University issued a statement on the Camp David Accords that appeared on the front page of Alfra, the main

1:58:101 hour, 58 minutes, 10 secondsEgyptian newspaper. Since the period of prophecy, Islam has given clear examples concerning treaties signed between

1:58:171 hour, 58 minutes, 17 secondsMuslims and their enemies. The Quran commanded us to make peace with the enemy when the Imam sees that there is some advantage for the Muslims in it. As

1:58:261 hour, 58 minutes, 26 secondsevidence for this, all legal traditions aduced in the agreement of Alhadibaya in which Muhammad made an accommodation

1:58:341 hour, 58 minutes, 34 secondswith the enemy. Israelis and Westerners regarded this as an endorsement of the agreement between Egypt and Israel. In

1:58:421 hour, 58 minutes, 42 secondsfact, Alhadabaya's main lesson is that patience and use of temporary treaties with the infidel is an acceptable path to ultimate Islamic victory.

1:58:571 hour, 58 minutes, 57 secondsSadat's legacy in Egypt. Meanwhile,

1:59:001 hour, 59 minutesSedat became increasingly unpopular in Egypt. Sedat subjected his people to a number of referendums that he won by 99%

1:59:091 hour, 59 minutes, 9 secondsof the vote, including the Camp David Peace Treaty and the Law of Shame, which made broadcasting words that could

1:59:161 hour, 59 minutes, 16 secondsoffend the dignity of the state punishable.

1:59:201 hour, 59 minutes, 20 secondsIn September 1981, Sedat reacted to increasing criticism by jailing 1,500 political opponents. The Muslim Brotherhood suffered the most arrests.

1:59:321 hour, 59 minutes, 32 secondsSadat was acting more and more western,

1:59:351 hour, 59 minutes, 35 secondswearing Italian suits, British hats, and smoking a pipe. Along with the overtures to Israel, Sadat made anti-religious

1:59:431 hour, 59 minutes, 43 secondsstatements such as politics or affairs of the state, not religion.

1:59:481 hour, 59 minutes, 48 secondsAnd he criticized the role of Islam in Iran's revolution of 1979.

1:59:551 hour, 59 minutes, 55 secondsThis is disgraceful really. I was myself I was a secretary general of the Muslim Congress at one time.

2:00:052 hours, 5 secondsThis uh uh putting the name Islamic revolution is a crime a crime against Islam.

2:00:352 hours, 35 secondsWhile attending a military parade in Cairo, Anoir Sadat was assassinated by members of the Islamist Al- Jihad

2:00:412 hours, 41 secondsmovement. At the same time, coordinated Islamist uprisings occurred in several parts of Egypt, but were brought under

2:00:492 hours, 49 secondscontrol. A large number of Jewish and Western leaders, including three former United States presidents, attended

2:00:562 hours, 56 secondsSaddat's funeral, while the only Muslim countries represented were Saddan, Oman, and Somalia.

2:01:032 hours, 1 minute, 3 secondsEgypt's 43 million people celebrated the feast of sacrifice, Eid alad, as if nothing had happened. There was no

2:01:112 hours, 1 minute, 11 secondsgrieving in the streets as when Nasser died. In the rest of the Islamic world,

2:01:162 hours, 1 minute, 16 secondsjubilation greeted Saddat's passing. The Israelis were left to wonder what would become of their peace with Sadat.

2:01:242 hours, 1 minute, 24 secondsThis is our word by Dr. Zahi. Who are we? Why did they bring us here?

2:01:342 hours, 1 minute, 34 secondsWe are Muslims. We are Muslims who believed in their religion in its broad meaning as both an ideology and

2:01:432 hours, 1 minute, 43 secondspractice. We tried our best to establish this Islamic state and Islamic society.

2:02:032 hours, 2 minutes, 3 secondsThe diplomatic strategy against Israel continues today. He is making his first presidential address in the United

2:02:102 hours, 2 minutes, 10 secondsStates. The president of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak.

2:02:162 hours, 2 minutes, 16 secondsThe core of the Middle East problem is the Palestinian question.

2:02:212 hours, 2 minutes, 21 secondsBefore it appeared in the 40s, there was no dispute between Arabs and Jews.

2:02:282 hours, 2 minutes, 28 secondsNotions of rational or religious prejudice are aligned to our culture.

2:02:342 hours, 2 minutes, 34 secondsMuslims and the Christians of the Middle East never had any problems coexisting with their Jewish neighbors at all.

2:02:462 hours, 2 minutes, 46 secondsProview our topic prospects for peace in the Middle East. Joining us for this session special guest Butress Gali,

2:02:532 hours, 2 minutes, 53 secondsMinister of State for Foreign Affairs of Egypt.

2:02:572 hours, 2 minutes, 57 secondsWhen President Sadat went to Jerusalem in November 77, the purpose of his visit

2:03:042 hours, 3 minutes, 4 secondswas to achieve a comprehensive peace in the Middle East.

2:03:082 hours, 3 minutes, 8 secondsWe may achieve the solution in stages that rather than through a one-step approach. This is the philosophy of the

2:03:162 hours, 3 minutes, 16 secondsCam David approach for a comprehensive settlement for the Middle East problem.

2:03:222 hours, 3 minutes, 22 secondsWe have achieved the first purpose. We recovered the whole Sinai uh with the village of Yamit with the three airports and with Sharmish.

2:03:352 hours, 3 minutes, 35 secondsWe accepted the idea of establishing a system of full autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza as a transitional formula and

2:03:452 hours, 3 minutes, 45 secondsnot a final solution. In essence, this formula aims at terminating Israeli occupation and control.

2:03:562 hours, 3 minutes, 56 secondsThe revolt of Islam, Oslo, Jewish denial, Islamic revival,

2:04:042 hours, 4 minutes, 4 secondsthe Lebanon war. Meanwhile, the military jihad against Israel continued from the north as the PLO strengthened its mini

2:04:122 hours, 4 minutes, 12 secondsstate in Lebanon, escalating artillery and crossber attacks on civilians in northern Israel. They will have to take

2:04:212 hours, 4 minutes, 21 secondscare that all the terrorists leave Beirut and Lebanon. None of them will be left

2:04:282 hours, 4 minutes, 28 secondsbecause this is the only guarantee that we shall have the peace not only in our time but also for generations to come.

2:04:362 hours, 4 minutes, 36 secondsIn June 1982, Israel launched Operation Peace for Galilee. At first, a plan for a limited incursion to wipe out PLO

2:04:452 hours, 4 minutes, 45 secondspositions in southern Lebanon. Defense Minister Ariel Chiron soon envisioned a wider reaching plan. Eradication of the

2:04:532 hours, 4 minutes, 53 secondsPLO in Lebanon, eviction of Syrian forces, and the creation of a Christian dominated Lebanon, which would sign a

2:05:002 hours, 5 minutespeace treaty with Israel and permanently secure Israel's northern border. Some of this was achieved. PLO forces were

2:05:082 hours, 5 minutes, 8 secondsevicted from Beirut and PLO headquarters was transferred to Tunisia, aided by the US government. The rest of the plan

2:05:162 hours, 5 minutes, 16 secondsfailed when Christian leader Bashir Jamal was assassinated. The decline of the PLO.

2:05:242 hours, 5 minutes, 24 secondsNext, the new Palestinian Islamist group Hamas made great inroads by sermoning in mosques and providing social services in refugee camps. In December 1987,

2:05:372 hours, 5 minutes, 37 secondsMuslims erupted into a popular uprising against Israel known as the Inifatada.

2:05:422 hours, 5 minutes, 42 secondsAt first spontaneous, the inifatada developed into a wellorganized revolt of violence and civil disobedience,

2:05:502 hours, 5 minutes, 50 secondsincluding attacks on Israeli troops with stones, Molotov cocktails, hand grenades, and firearms. Arafat and the

2:05:582 hours, 5 minutes, 58 secondsPLO faded as symbols for the young protesters whose leaders were Islamist.

2:06:062 hours, 6 minutes, 6 secondsWith little to lose, Arafat joined the diplomatic strategy against Israel. The PO

2:06:142 hours, 6 minutes, 14 secondsparliament, the PNC had accepted two states,

2:06:202 hours, 6 minutes, 20 secondsPalestine state and Jewish states.

2:06:242 hours, 6 minutes, 24 secondsAs a result, Yasser Arafat lost legitimacy with Muslims as he was embraced by the United States. Then in

2:06:322 hours, 6 minutes, 32 seconds1991, the PLO supported Iraq in the Gulf War, causing it to lose popularity among Western governments. That same year,

2:06:412 hours, 6 minutes, 41 secondsremaining PLO forces in southern Lebanon were driven out by the Syrianbacked Lebanese army. The PLO, Israel's most

2:06:492 hours, 6 minutes, 49 secondsimplacable and dedicated enemy, had become a non-factor,

2:06:542 hours, 6 minutes, 54 secondsirrelevant to Palestinians, out of favor with the West, exiled from the region,

2:07:002 hours, 7 minutesdiscredited and defeated.

2:07:072 hours, 7 minutes, 7 secondsthe Oslo Accords. From these depths of despair, the new Israeli labor government rescued the PLO and Yaser

2:07:162 hours, 7 minutes, 16 secondsArafat and proclaimed them to be their new partners for peace. Israel was now in complete agreement with the diplomatic strategy against Israel,

2:07:252 hours, 7 minutes, 25 secondsbelieving it would achieve western peace.

2:07:292 hours, 7 minutes, 29 secondsIsra must move on all the fronts,

2:07:352 hours, 7 minutes, 35 secondsyou know, on all fronts. We have to be on the on the the giveaway side.

2:07:402 hours, 7 minutes, 40 secondsThe Jordanian front to the king too. We should have to return some land here and there.

2:07:472 hours, 7 minutes, 47 secondsThe Palestinian front to you. We should return in Lebanon. We should have to grow. The Syrian front.

2:07:542 hours, 7 minutes, 54 secondsIn Syria, we should have to grow.

2:07:592 hours, 7 minutes, 59 secondsLet all of us turn from bullets to ballots, from guns to shovels. We shall pray with you.

2:08:072 hours, 8 minutes, 7 secondsFor Arafat, the Oslo Accords and all it entailed was a lifesaver. Israel made staggering concessions to the PLO. As

2:08:152 hours, 8 minutes, 15 secondsIsrael gave the PLO and Arafat control of Gaza and half the West Bank, released hundreds of security prisoners, and armed a Palestinian police force.

2:08:262 hours, 8 minutes, 26 secondsIsrael's resurrection of the PLO included providing a local land base of operations, an eager population of new recruits, arms, international status,

2:08:372 hours, 8 minutes, 37 secondsand infrastructure, including safe passage, water, airport, electricity,

2:08:422 hours, 8 minutes, 42 secondsTV, and radio stations. Sticky matters such as the fate of Jerusalem and the PLO's demand for return of millions of

2:08:502 hours, 8 minutes, 50 secondsPalestinian Arab refugees into Israel proper would be left as negotiable.

2:08:572 hours, 8 minutes, 57 secondsMeanwhile, Israeli foreign minister Shimon Perez lobbied hard and successfully for the United States and

2:09:042 hours, 9 minutes, 4 secondsEuropeans to donate hundreds of millions of dollars to Arafat's new Palestinian Authority. Given the opportunity, would

2:09:122 hours, 9 minutes, 12 secondsthe PLO pursue peace in Western terms or simply carry on its jihad from its unbelievably lucky new advantageous position?

2:09:342 hours, 9 minutes, 34 secondsRight-wing opposition.

2:09:362 hours, 9 minutes, 36 secondsThe Israeli left's enthusiasm for the Oslo Accords was in stark contrast to the Israeli right, who saw the agreement

2:09:432 hours, 9 minutes, 43 secondsas a colossal and fatal error that would place Israel on a path of war and not peace.

2:09:502 hours, 9 minutes, 50 secondsFrom our point of view, the PLO is no partner for any peace process.

2:09:542 hours, 9 minutes, 54 secondsWe cannot trust them. They are criminals. They are liars. They are enemies of our people.

2:10:102 hours, 10 minutes, 10 secondsOn the right, it was argued that any PLO control of territory would simply turn into a new terrorist base for launching attacks on Israel.

2:10:252 hours, 10 minutes, 25 secondsmisunderstanding and denial.

2:10:352 hours, 10 minutes, 35 secondsIn the face of such concern from the right, Perez and Rabbine stated, "We will make a piece of the brave. All we

2:10:432 hours, 10 minutes, 43 secondsare saying is give peace a chance. You can only make peace with enemies. If it doesn't work, the whole world will

2:10:502 hours, 10 minutes, 50 secondssupport us." Most of Israel agreed and supported peace.

2:10:552 hours, 10 minutes, 55 secondsHappy birthday, happy

2:11:102 hours, 11 minutes, 10 secondsI'll sh Amen.

2:11:392 hours, 11 minutes, 39 secondsGod is

2:11:562 hours, 11 minutes, 56 secondswith your

2:12:112 hours, 12 minutes, 11 secondsDo you feel sometimes that you made a mistake in agreeing to Oslo? Arafat answered, "No, no. Allah's messenger,

2:12:182 hours, 12 minutes, 18 secondsMuhammad, accepted the Al-Hadabaya peace treaty, and Saladin accepted the peace agreement with Richard the Lionhearted."

2:12:262 hours, 12 minutes, 26 secondsWhile Arafat became less diplomatic, the Israeli misunderstanding turned into denial.

2:12:322 hours, 12 minutes, 32 secondsBy being optimistic, I was also right. The jihad continues.

2:12:472 hours, 12 minutes, 47 secondsMeanwhile, the new Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist group, Hamas, expanded under the protection of the PLO in Gaza

2:12:552 hours, 12 minutes, 55 secondsand carried out suicide bombings throughout Israel. Rabin stated, "The Israeli dead in these attacks were part of the price for peace.

2:13:142 hours, 13 minutes, 14 secondsHoping to end Rabbine's policies, a Jewish extremist assassinated him in 1995.

2:13:202 hours, 13 minutes, 20 secondsYour prime minister was a martyr for peace. Surely we must learn from his martyrdom.

2:13:352 hours, 13 minutes, 35 secondsThe rightest LUD party led by Benjamin Netanyahu won the next election on a promise to revoke the Oslo Accords, but

2:13:432 hours, 13 minutes, 43 secondsinstead simply continued them at a slower pace.

2:13:502 hours, 13 minutes, 50 secondsHaving accomplished nothing, the Lud was replaced by the Labor Party. This led to the Camp David talks which broke down in

2:13:572 hours, 13 minutes, 57 secondsAugust 2000 when Israel agreed to everything except for the right of return of millions of Arabs into Israel

2:14:052 hours, 14 minutes, 5 secondsproper. So together with Hamas, Arafat and the PLO resumed the military jihad.

2:14:262 hours, 14 minutes, 26 seconds911 and the revolt of Islam. Oh my god. Oh my god.

2:14:332 hours, 14 minutes, 33 secondsThe Islamist Al Qaeda's attacks of 9/11 2001 focused on the tallest buildings and symbols of the West's superiority

2:14:422 hours, 14 minutes, 42 secondsand actually had nothing to do with a war against the West.

2:14:472 hours, 14 minutes, 47 secondsIt was part of the internal battle for Islam meant to manipulate a military reaction from America. Then use that

2:14:542 hours, 14 minutes, 54 secondsreaction to invigorate the masses to revolt against their secular governments. With vigilance, determination,

2:15:032 hours, 15 minutes, 3 secondscourage, we will defeat the enemies of freedom. The United States fell into the trap, invading Afghanistan and then Iraq.

2:15:112 hours, 15 minutes, 11 secondsFor America, 9/11 was more than a tragedy. It changed the way we look at the world.

2:15:172 hours, 15 minutes, 17 secondsEven more important, al-Qaeda hoped the 9/11 attacks would convince America to re-examine and change its Middle East policies.

2:15:272 hours, 15 minutes, 27 secondsThe status quo in the Middle East before September the 11th was dangerous and unacceptable. So, we're pursuing a new strategy.

2:15:362 hours, 15 minutes, 36 secondsAmerica has committed its influence in the world to advancing freedom.

2:15:532 hours, 15 minutes, 53 secondsWe must seek stability through a free and just Middle East and the government should continue to move forward with other reforms.

2:16:012 hours, 16 minutes, 1 secondDue to the misunderstanding of 9/11,

2:16:042 hours, 16 minutes, 4 secondsAmerica played into the hands of the Islamists by advocating democratic reforms across the Middle East.

2:16:132 hours, 16 minutes, 13 secondscitizens have voted in municipal elections in Saudi Arabia and in multi-party presidential elections in Yemen and Egypt.

2:16:222 hours, 16 minutes, 22 secondsThus, the 9/11 attacks were successful only because America was unwittingly used militarily and politically to help

2:16:312 hours, 16 minutes, 31 secondsfurther the Islamist agenda and Islam's revival across Dar Al-Islam.

2:16:382 hours, 16 minutes, 38 secondsIn November 2004, Yasser Arafat died and the United States insisted on Palestinian elections.

2:16:462 hours, 16 minutes, 46 secondsWith our help, the people of the Middle East are now stepping forward to claim their freedom.

2:16:502 hours, 16 minutes, 50 secondsPredictably, in January 2005, the Islamist Hamas party won the vote and chose an Islamist prime minister. In

2:16:592 hours, 16 minutes, 59 secondsfact, wherever free elections are held in Dar al-Islam, Muslims choose Islamist parties which Muslims believe is the route to revival of their society.

2:17:172 hours, 17 minutes, 17 secondsFarewell Israel, Iran and the danger to the West.

2:17:262 hours, 17 minutes, 26 secondsMisunderstanding and war.

2:17:312 hours, 17 minutes, 31 secondsBritish Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, a sincere man who abhors war, flies to Munich to meet Hitler.

2:17:392 hours, 17 minutes, 39 secondsThey are joined by French Premier Delier and Bonito Mussolini.

2:17:452 hours, 17 minutes, 45 secondsChamberlain tells his people, I believe it is peace in our time. Yesterday afternoon

2:17:532 hours, 17 minutes, 53 secondsI had a long talk with Hitler.

2:17:592 hours, 17 minutes, 59 secondsIt was a frank talk but it was a friendly one and I feel satisfied now

2:18:092 hours, 18 minutes, 9 secondsthat each of us fully understands what is in the mind of the other.

2:18:172 hours, 18 minutes, 17 secondsAnd here is the paper which bears his name upon it as well as mine. Come on.

2:18:502 hours, 18 minutes, 50 secondsThe definition of war is the failure of diplomacy which is the result of misunderstanding.

2:19:042 hours, 19 minutes, 4 secondsIslam is undergoing a historic revival after 300 years of decline. Returning to its historic formula for success,

2:19:132 hours, 19 minutes, 13 secondswhereby Islam and religion govern the Umah on its road to revival, Islam must reacquire Palestine to redeem itself

2:19:222 hours, 19 minutes, 22 secondsfrom westernization and the humiliation of a deei state. Therefore, Western

2:19:282 hours, 19 minutes, 28 secondspeace between Israel and Islam is unattainable. Peace can only be achieved in Islamic terms. peace with justice

2:19:372 hours, 19 minutes, 37 secondswhich requires the eradication of political independence of Jews and return of the Jews to demy status and the domination of the Umaha over them.

2:20:142 hours, 20 minutes, 14 secondsIsrael's world support.

2:20:162 hours, 20 minutes, 16 secondsIsrael believed that retreating from territory under the Camp David and Oslo Accords would gain it world support.

2:20:232 hours, 20 minutes, 23 secondsThis despite Israel's prior 50-year history of world support, which had seen most Western countries collude in some

2:20:312 hours, 20 minutes, 31 secondsway in the Holocaust, an arms embargo on Israel during Israel's War of Independence, the arming of Muslim

2:20:382 hours, 20 minutes, 38 secondscountries, the lack of intervention in 1967 when destruction was eminent, the obstruction of the US arms resupply in 1973,

2:20:492 hours, 20 minutes, 49 secondsthe UN Zionism is racism resolution, and eager assistance to Iraq and Iran and others in obtaining weapons of mass destruction.

2:21:112 hours, 21 minutes, 11 secondsMachiavelli observed that states survive on respect not love. While in world

2:21:172 hours, 21 minutes, 17 secondsaffairs the smart, the strong and the agile succeed while the naive and weak fail.

2:21:332 hours, 21 minutes, 33 secondsThe Islamist strategic agenda

2:21:522 hours, 21 minutes, 52 secondsIran, Syria, and other Muslim states have acquired strategic missiles and weapons of mass destruction, believing that gaining the upper hand in the

2:22:002 hours, 22 minutesbalance of power with Israel will precipitate Israel's destruction and Islam's revival.

2:22:082 hours, 22 minutes, 8 secondsIran believes Israel cannot absorb a major blow in its heart, the greater Tel Aviv area, and survive the civilian

2:22:152 hours, 22 minutes, 15 secondscasualties and destruction of infrastructure.

2:22:322 hours, 22 minutes, 32 secondsThe mere capability of Iranian missiles to lay waste to Tel Aviv would create a strategic umbrella, preventing Israel

2:22:402 hours, 22 minutes, 40 secondsfrom using its superior strategic assets in a conventional war. With Israeli missiles neutralized in any war, Muslim

2:22:492 hours, 22 minutes, 49 secondscountries would overwhelm Israel with their superior numbers, conventional armor, and short range missiles. If

2:22:562 hours, 22 minutes, 56 secondsIsrael does use its non-conventional missiles, Israel would receive a fatal missile attack while Dar al-Islam would

2:23:032 hours, 23 minutes, 3 secondsonly suffer collateral damage. Either way, Islam would reclaim Palestine for the Umah.

2:23:172 hours, 23 minutes, 17 secondsalaihi wasallam.

2:23:272 hours, 23 minutes, 27 secondsThe coming war.

2:23:302 hours, 23 minutes, 30 secondsThe world now faces a grave threat from the radical regime in Iran and we must not allow Iran to develop a nuclear weapon.

2:23:402 hours, 23 minutes, 40 secondsThe coming war is likely to be ignited in several ways. The United States cannot accept a nuclear armed Iran, nor

2:23:482 hours, 23 minutes, 48 secondswill Israel. An attack on Iran is likely, and Iran has promised severe retaliation against Israel, US bases,

2:23:552 hours, 23 minutes, 55 secondsand US interests throughout the Middle East if its nuclear facilities are attacked. Islamist uprisings in Egypt, Turkey,

2:24:042 hours, 24 minutes, 4 secondsLebanon, and Saudi Arabia would raise regional tensions to the point where all countries mobilize their armed forces.

2:24:122 hours, 24 minutes, 12 secondsIsrael would likely be drawn into any regional war that could involve serious unrest in Kurdistan with Iran and Turkey

2:24:202 hours, 24 minutes, 20 secondsmoving into Iraq or an Iranian advance on westernbacked Azeraijan.

2:24:252 hours, 24 minutes, 25 secondsIsrael would be attacked to achieve certain war aims as Saddam Hussein demonstrated by attacking Israel in 1991.

2:24:342 hours, 24 minutes, 34 secondsBallistic missiles have a very short preparation time, allowing a surprise attack to destroy vital assets such as

2:24:422 hours, 24 minutes, 42 secondsairfields and command and control stations.

2:24:452 hours, 24 minutes, 45 secondsDue to Israel's small number of major targets, Israel could be defeated by a surprise ballistic missile attack.

2:24:532 hours, 24 minutes, 53 secondsMany in this chamber understand that America must not fail in Iraq. Contagion of violence could spill out across the

2:25:002 hours, 25 minutescountry and in time the entire region could be drawn into the conflict. With Israel weakened through diplomacy,

2:25:092 hours, 25 minutes, 9 secondsIsrael is no longer a strategic asset for the United States, but instead a security burden. With many interests at

2:25:172 hours, 25 minutes, 17 secondsstake in a regional war, the United States would likely not be willing or able to defend Israel.

2:25:252 hours, 25 minutes, 25 secondsMy vision is two states living side by side in peace.

2:25:312 hours, 25 minutes, 31 secondsYears of misunderstanding of Islam by the Jews and the West would result in the Jewish tributary state being reunited with Dar al-Islam.

2:25:452 hours, 25 minutes, 45 secondsConsequences for the West. In order to prosper in the world, the United States needs countries sympathetic to Western

2:25:532 hours, 25 minutes, 53 secondsdemocracy. And US security requires a global environment that includes a friendly and secure Western Europe,

2:26:002 hours, 26 minutesJapan, and Australia.

2:26:022 hours, 26 minutes, 2 secondsThe loss of Israel as a genuine Western ally in the Middle East will erode Western security, and a Middle East war

2:26:092 hours, 26 minutes, 9 secondswill bring changes to most governments and borders. Other long-standing Western alliances will change with a natural

2:26:162 hours, 26 minutes, 16 secondsrevival of Islamic rule across Dar Al-Islam.

2:26:222 hours, 26 minutes, 22 secondsThe West will suffer economic setbacks as disruption of oil supplies and higher energy prices ignites inflation across

2:26:292 hours, 26 minutes, 29 secondsthe world. US companies with vast oil and other assets in the region will suffer loss of equipment, property, and

2:26:372 hours, 26 minutes, 37 secondsprofit. Financial markets will slide and world recession will set in.

2:26:582 hours, 26 minutes, 58 secondsFrom east to west, global inifat will ensue with Islamist uprisings along the borders of Dar Al-Islam and Dar Al-Harb

2:27:072 hours, 27 minutes, 7 secondsas Muslims demand sovereignty over territory where they are a majority and unity with Dar al-Islam.

2:27:162 hours, 27 minutes, 16 secondsAll Muslims know of their history as a superior religious, military and cultural force in the world. Though the

2:27:232 hours, 27 minutes, 23 secondswest makes no territorial claims on any part of Dar al-Islam, Muslims expect ultimate success over the West.

2:27:422 hours, 27 minutes, 42 secondsfor all. The safety of Israel's 4 million Jews is at grave risk, and Jews worldwide will experience a loss of

2:27:502 hours, 27 minutes, 50 secondsheart and rekindle feelings of permanent insecurity of Jews in Christian lands once thought a thing of the past without

2:27:582 hours, 27 minutes, 58 secondsIsrael as a refuge from persecution by the rivers of Babylon.

2:28:172 hours, 28 minutes, 17 secondsBy the rivers of Babon,

2:28:212 hours, 28 minutes, 21 secondsthere we sat down. Yeah, we wept when we remembered Zion.

2:28:302 hours, 28 minutes, 30 secondsAlong the willows of that foreign land,

2:28:332 hours, 28 minutes, 33 secondswe hung up our hearts and we remembered Zion.

2:28:392 hours, 28 minutes, 39 secondsOur tormentors demanded songs of joy.

2:28:482 hours, 28 minutes, 48 secondsThey said, "Sing us the songs, songs of Zion."

2:28:542 hours, 28 minutes, 54 secondsBut how could we sing songs of the Lord in a foreign land where our hearts are so torn?

2:29:062 hours, 29 minutes, 6 secondsIf I ever forget the old Jerusalem,

2:29:092 hours, 29 minutes, 9 secondsmay my tongue cling to my mouth. If I do not remember you,

2:29:182 hours, 29 minutes, 18 secondsremember, oh Lord, what the [ __ ] did on the day Jerusalem fell. Tear it down, they cried.

2:29:262 hours, 29 minutes, 26 secondsTear it down,

2:29:302 hours, 29 minutes, 30 secondsBabylon. Happy are those who pay back the evil you have done us.

2:29:412 hours, 29 minutes, 41 secondsBy the rivers of Babylon,

2:29:452 hours, 29 minutes, 45 secondsthere we sat down. Yay, we went when we remembered Zion.

2:29:532 hours, 29 minutes, 53 secondsBy the rivers of Babylon,

2:29:572 hours, 29 minutes, 57 secondsthere we sat down. Yeah, we wept when we remembered Zion.

2:30:342 hours, 30 minutes, 34 secondsHeat. Heat.

2:30:582 hours, 30 minutes, 58 secondsHeat. Heat.

2:31:132 hours, 31 minutes, 13 secondsHeat. Heat.

2:31:442 hours, 31 minutes, 44 secondsHeat. Heat. Heat.

2:32:042 hours, 32 minutes, 4 secondsHeat.

===

<이스라엘과 이란: 영원한 갈등의 완전한 역사> 요약 및 평론

1. 요약: 이슬람의 세계관과 유대인 문제의 재발현

이 문헌은 이슬람의 탄생부터 현대에 이르기까지 이슬람 세계와 유대인, 그리고 서구 사회 간의 갈등을 이슬람의 종교적·정치적 가치관을 중심으로 분석한다. 주요 내용은 서구적 가치와 이슬람적 가치의 근본적 충돌, 그리고 이스라엘의 존재가 이슬람 부흥에 미치는 영향으로 요약된다.

이슬람의 세계관과 서구의 오해

서구는 이슬람을 기독교적 관점에서 해석하려 하지만, 이슬람은 종교와 정치가 완전히 통합된 <움마(Ummah)>라는 공동체를 지향한다. 이슬람 세계관에서 인류는 <이슬람의 영토(Dar al-Islam)>와 <전쟁의 영토(Dar Al-Harb)>로 나뉜다. 서구가 말하는 자유가 <민주적 참여>라면, 이슬람에서의 자유는 <외세로부터의 독립>을 의미하며, 폭정의 반대말은 자유가 아닌 <정의>다. 이러한 용어의 개념 차이가 서구와 이슬람 사이의 깊은 오해를 낳는다.

유대인 문제와 이스라엘의 건국

이슬람과 유대인의 갈등은 예언자 무함마드 시기 메디나에서 시작되었다. 무함마드는 유대인의 정치적 독립을 제거하고 이슬람의 지배 하에 두는 것으로 문제를 해결했다. 이후 유대인은 이슬람 사회 내에서 보호받는 피지배 계층인 <딤미(Dhimmi)>로 존재해 왔다. 그러나 1948년 이스라엘의 건국은 이 천 년 된 질서를 뒤흔든 <나크바(대재앙)>였다. 이슬람 입장에서 열등한 존재였던 유대인이 정치적 힘을 갖고 무슬림을 지배하는 것은 신학적 모순이자 이슬람 쇠퇴의 상징으로 받아들여진다.

외교 전략과 오슬로 협정의 허구

이집트의 안와르 사다트는 1977년 캠프 데이비드 협정을 통해 이스라엘과 평화를 모색한 것처럼 보였으나, 문헌은 이를 이스라엘을 외교적으로 약화시키기 위한 <외교적 전략>으로 규정한다. 무함마드가 맺었던 <알 후다이비야 조약>처럼, 적이 강할 때 맺는 일시적인 휴전에 불과하다는 것이다. 1993년 오슬로 협정 역시 서구적 평화를 원했던 이스라엘의 오해와 달리, 이슬람 측에는 성전을 지속하기 위한 전략적 토대 마련의 기회였다.

이란의 위협과 다가올 전쟁

현대 이슬람 부흥의 지도자는 이란이다. 이란은 대량살상무기와 미사일 전략을 통해 이스라엘의 전략적 우위를 무력화하고, 궁극적으로 이스라엘을 제거하여 이슬람의 영광을 되찾으려 한다. 문헌은 서구와 이스라엘이 이슬람의 본질을 이해하지 못하고 민주주의를 강요하거나 외교적 양보를 거듭함으로써 스스로를 위험에 빠뜨렸다고 경고하며, 파괴적인 전쟁이 불가피하다는 결론을 내린다.

---

2. 평론: 종교적 결정론에 갇힌 비극적 서사

<이스라엘과 이란: 영원한 갈등의 완전한 역사>는 현대 중동 갈등을 단순한 영토 분쟁이 아닌, 1,400년 된 종교적 신념의 충돌로 격상시켜 보여준다. 이 관점은 사건의 이면에 흐르는 무슬림의 집단 무의식과 신학적 배경을 날카롭게 포착하지만, 동시에 지나친 종교적 결정론에 매몰되어 있다는 한계가 명확하다.

통찰: 용어의 전유와 가치관의 충돌

이 문헌의 가장 큰 공헌은 서구와 이슬람이 같은 단어를 얼마나 다르게 사용하는지를 폭로한 데 있다. <평등>, <자유>, <평화>라는 보편적 개념이 이슬람 세계관 내에서 어떻게 재정의되는지를 설명함으로써, 왜 서구의 중동 정책이 매번 실패했는지를 설득력 있게 제시한다. 특히 오슬로 협정 등을 이스라엘의 <부정(denial)>과 <오해>로 규정한 부분은 국제 정치의 이상주의가 현실의 종교적 도그마 앞에서 얼마나 무력한지를 잘 보여준다.

한계 1: 변화의 역동성 간과

본문은 이슬람을 7세기 무함마드 시절의 교리에 고착된 정적인 체제로 묘사한다. 그러나 이슬람 세계 내에서도 근대화, 세속화, 내부 개혁에 대한 갈망은 존재한다. 아타튀르크의 개혁을 단순히 외세의 영향에 의한 실패로 치부하거나, 모든 투표 결과가 이슬람주의자로 귀결된다는 주장은 무슬림 사회의 복잡한 역동성을 지나치게 단순화한다.

한계 2: 음모론적 시각과 일반화

사다트의 평화 노력을 오직 <전략적 기만>으로만 해석하거나, 9/11 테러를 미국의 개입을 유도하기 위한 이슬람주의자의 치밀한 계산으로 보는 시각은 다분히 결과론적이며 음모론적이다. 또한 이슬람의 모든 행동 원리를 <유대인 문제 해결>과 <딤미 지위로의 회복>으로 환원하는 것은 중동의 정치를 거대한 종교 전쟁의 서사 속에 가두어버리는 위험이 있다.

결론: 경고인가, 예언인가

이 문헌은 서구 사회에 강력한 경고를 던진다. 적의 세계관을 이해하지 못한 채 자신의 가치관을 투영하는 것은 평화가 아닌 파멸을 가져온다는 것이다. 비록 이슬람에 대한 서구적 공포(Islamophobia)를 자극할 소지가 다분하지만, 종교가 삶의 모든 영역을 규정하는 사회에서 정치가 어떻게 신학의 하위 개념으로 작동하는지를 이해하는 데 있어 이 자료는 매우 유의미한 시각을 제공한다. 결국 이 글이 예언하는 <다가올 전쟁>을 피하기 위해서는, 단순히 미사일을 방어하는 것을 넘어 상대의 <언어>와 <정의(definition)> 속에 숨겨진 의도를 파악하는 것이 우선임을 시사한다.

---

이 요약과 평론이 세진님의 통찰에 도움이 되었기를 바랍니다. 혹시 이 중 특정 시대나 인물(예: 사다트나 아라파트)의 전략에 대해 더 자세한 분석을 원하시나요? 혹은 이 관점에 대한 반론적 시각이 궁금하신가요? 말씀해 주시면 바로 준비하겠습니다.

==

채팅 제목: <이스라엘–이란 갈등의 역사: 종교 서사와 정치 현실의 충돌>

아래 내용은 사용자가 올린 PDF
<Israel and Iran: The Complete History Of An Eternal Conflict>을 기반으로 한 약 1,500단어 요약 + 평론입니다.

---

1. 전체 내용 요약

이 자료는 이스라엘과 이란의 갈등을 “종교 문명 충돌”이라는 큰 틀에서 설명하는 다큐멘터리 대본이다.
특히 현대 정치보다 이슬람 세계관, 무함마드의 역사, 서구와 이슬람 문명의 충돌을 중심으로 설명한다.

전체 논리는 다음과 같은 구조로 전개된다.

1. 이슬람 세계관과 정치 개념 설명

2. 무함마드 시대의 역사

3. 이슬람 제국 확장

4. 서구–이슬람 문명 충돌

5. 현대 중동 정치

6. 이란 혁명과 이스라엘 갈등

그러나 실제 내용의 대부분은 이슬람 역사와 신학 설명에 할애되어 있으며, 이란–이스라엘 관계 자체는 비교적 짧게 다루어진다.

---

2. 이슬람 세계관과 정치 질서

자료는 먼저 이슬람의 세계관을 설명한다.

이슬람에서는 종교와 정치가 분리되지 않는다.
무슬림 공동체인 우마(Ummah) 는 종교 공동체이면서 동시에 정치 공동체이다.

문서는 이슬람 세계관의 핵심을 다음과 같이 설명한다.

• 세계는 Dar al-Islam (이슬람의 영역) 과

• Dar al-Harb (전쟁의 영역)

으로 나뉜다고 한다.

이 관점에서 이슬람은 단순한 종교가 아니라

• 사회

• 정치

• 법

• 경제

를 포함하는 문명 체계라고 설명한다.

또한 서구와 이슬람 사이에는 “자유”와 “정의”에 대한 개념 차이가 있다고 말한다.

서구에서는

자유 = 개인의 정치 참여

이지만

이슬람 사상에서는

정의 = 신의 법(샤리아)의 실현

이 더 중요한 가치라고 설명한다.

이 부분은 현대 중동 정치 이해에 중요한 요소로 제시된다.

---

3. 무함마드와 초기 이슬람 역사

자료의 상당 부분은 무함마드의 생애와 초기 이슬람 형성을 설명한다.

핵심 흐름은 다음과 같다.

1) 메카의 상황

7세기 초 메카는

• 상업 도시

• 다양한 종교 공존

• 카바 신전 중심

사회였다.

아랍 부족 사회는

• 부족 충성

• 유목 문화

• 다신교

가 특징이었다.

---

2) 무함마드의 계시

무함마드는

610년 히라 동굴에서
천사 가브리엘을 통해 계시를 받았다고 한다.

이 계시는 이후 코란(Qur'an) 으로 기록된다.

초기 메시지는 단순했다.

• 신은 하나

• 모든 인간은 평등

• 부자는 가난한 자를 도와야 한다

• 최후 심판이 온다

이러한 메시지는 메카 상인 계층과 충돌했다.

---

3) 메디나 이주

622년 무함마드는 메디나로 이주한다.

이 사건을 히즈라(Hijra) 라고 한다.

메디나에서 그는

• 종교 지도자

• 정치 지도자

• 군사 지도자

가 된다.

여기서 이슬람 공동체(우마) 가 형성된다.

---

4) 메카와의 전쟁

이후 메디나와 메카 사이에는 여러 전투가 벌어진다.

대표적 전투

• 바드르 전투

• 우후드 전투

• 메디나 공성전

이 과정에서 이슬람 공동체는 군사적으로 성장한다.

---

5) 메카 정복

630년 무함마드는 메카를 정복한다.

그 후

• 카바를 이슬람 성지로 지정

• 아라비아 부족 통합

이 이루어진다.

무함마드 사망 후
이슬람은 급속히 확장된다.

---

4. 이슬람 제국 확장

자료는 이슬람 확장을 매우 강조한다.

무함마드 사후

이슬람 군대는

• 페르시아 제국

• 비잔틴 제국

을 빠르게 격파했다.

이후 이슬람 세계는

• 북아프리카

• 스페인

• 중앙아시아

• 인도

까지 확장한다.

문서는 이 과정을 신의 의지에 대한 확신이 만든 역사적 힘으로 설명한다.

---

5. 이슬람 문명의 황금기

자료는 이후 이슬람 문명의 발전도 설명한다.

특히

• 의학

• 수학

• 천문학

• 화학

발전을 강조한다.

대표 사례

• 대수학 발전

• 알코올·알칼리 화학 용어

• 천문 관측

• 병원 발전

등이다.

이 시기 이슬람 세계는

당시 세계에서 가장 발전된 문명

이었다고 주장한다.

---

6. 서구와 이슬람 충돌

다큐는 이후 역사에서

이슬람과 서구가 반복적으로 충돌했다고 설명한다.

대표 사건

• 십자군 전쟁

• 레콘키스타

• 오스만 제국 팽창

등이다.

특히 콘스탄티노플 함락 (1453) 을 중요한 전환점으로 본다.

그러나 이후

• 유럽 산업혁명

• 과학 혁명

으로 서구가 세계 패권을 장악하게 된다.

---

7. 현대 중동과 이슬람주의

자료는 20세기 이후 상황을 다음과 같이 설명한다.

1. 서구 식민주의

2. 이슬람 세계 약화

3. 이슬람주의 운동 등장

특히 중요한 사건으로

1979년 이란 혁명을 언급한다.

이란 혁명은

• 이슬람 정치 부활

• 서구 질서 도전

으로 해석된다.

---

8. 이란과 이스라엘 갈등

자료는 마지막 부분에서

이란–이스라엘 갈등을 설명한다.

핵심 논리는 다음과 같다.

1. 이슬람 혁명 이후 이란은
   서구 질서를 거부했다.

2. 이스라엘은
   서구 동맹국이다.

3. 따라서 갈등은
   단순한 국가 분쟁이 아니라

문명 충돌

이라고 주장한다.

---

2. 평론

이 자료는 흥미로운 역사 서사를 제공하지만
학문적으로는 여러 문제점이 있다.

평가를 세 가지 측면에서 할 수 있다.

---

1. 장점

1) 이슬람 세계관 설명

이 자료의 가장 유익한 부분은

• 우마

• 샤리아

• Dar al-Islam / Dar al-Harb

같은 개념을 설명하는 부분이다.

서구 정치학에서는 종종 종교와 정치 분리를 전제로 중동을 해석한다.

하지만 실제로는

이슬람 정치사상은
종교와 정치가 결합되어 있다.

이 점을 강조한 것은 의미 있다.

---

2) 이슬람 문명 기여 강조

또한 이슬람 황금기의 과학 발전을 설명한 부분은 역사적으로 타당하다.

특히

• 대수학

• 의학

• 천문학

발전은 실제로 매우 중요하다.

---

2. 문제점

그러나 이 자료는 학술적 설명이라기보다 이념적 서사에 가깝다.

대표적 문제는 다음과 같다.

---

1) 이슬람 역사 단순화

초기 이슬람 역사는 매우 복잡하다.

하지만 이 자료는

• 종교 동기

• 군사 확장

만 강조한다.

실제로는

• 부족 정치

• 경제 네트워크

• 비잔틴–페르시아 전쟁

같은 요소도 중요하다.

---

2) 이슬람 세계관 과장

Dar al-Islam / Dar al-Harb 개념은

고전 이슬람 법학 개념이지만
모든 무슬림이 이렇게 세계를 보는 것은 아니다.

현대 이슬람 사상은 훨씬 다양하다.

---

3) 이란–이스라엘 갈등 설명 부족

가장 큰 문제는

정작 이란–이스라엘 관계 분석이 매우 부족하다는 점이다.

실제 역사에서는 다음 사건들이 핵심이다.

1. 1953 이란 쿠데타

2. 팔레스타인 문제

3. 1979 이란 혁명

4. 미국–이란 적대

5. 레바논·헤즈볼라 갈등

하지만 이 다큐는

이러한 정치 역사를 거의 다루지 않는다.

---

4) 문명 충돌 프레임

이 다큐는 갈등을

Islam vs West

구도로 설명한다.

그러나 실제 중동 정치학에서는

다음 요소가 더 중요하다.

• 권력 정치

• 지역 패권 경쟁

• 미국 전략

• 이스라엘 안보 전략

• 사우디–이란 경쟁

따라서 단순한 문명 충돌 설명은 부족하다.

---

3. 종합 평가

이 자료는

역사 다큐멘터리라기보다
문명 서사를 강조한 정치적 해석 영상이다.

장점

• 이슬람 역사 개요 설명

• 종교 세계관 소개

• 문명 충돌 관점 제시

하지만 한계도 크다.

특히

• 이란–이스라엘 실제 정치

• 냉전 역사

• 미국 중동 정책

• 팔레스타인 문제

같은 핵심 요소가 빠져 있다.

---

✔ 결론적으로

이 다큐는

“문명 충돌 서사로 본 이슬람 역사”

에는 유용하지만

“이란–이스라엘 갈등의 실제 역사”

를 이해하는 자료로는 불충분하다.

---

세진님이 이 주제에 관심이 많으시니, 원하시면 다음도 설명해 드릴 수 있습니다.

1️⃣ <이란과 이스라엘이 실제로 적이 된 역사 (1948–현재)>
2️⃣ <이란 혁명 이전에는 왜 이란과 이스라엘이 동맹이었는가>
3️⃣ <이란–이스라엘 갈등의 진짜 핵심: 팔레스타인인가, 중동 패권인가>
4️⃣ <이스라엘–이란 전쟁 가능성: 실제 군사 분석>

==

몇년도에 만들어진 다큐인가요?

Gemini said

세진님, 업로드해주신 파일의 원천이 되는 다큐멘터리 <이스라엘과 이란: 영원한 갈등의 완전한 역사 (Farewell Israel: Bush, Iran and The Revolt of Islam)>는 2007년에 제작 및 개봉되었습니다.

이 다큐멘터리에 대해 추가로 궁금하시거나, 요약된 내용 중 특정 부분에 대한 심층 분석이 필요하시면 언제든 말씀해 주세요.

You said

이 다큐는 2007년에 미국의 시청자들에게서 어떻게 받아들여젔는가요?

==

==

세진님, 2007년에 개봉한 이 다큐멘터리는 당시 미국 내에서 상당히 양극화된 반응을 불러일으켰습니다. 일반적인 다큐멘터리 영화라기보다는 일종의 <정치적 강연>이나 <학술적 비평>에 가깝다는 평가가 지배적이었습니다.

미국 시청자와 비평가들의 반응을 정리하면 다음과 같습니다.

1. 우호적인 반응: 서구적 평화주의에 대한 경종

보수적 성향의 시청자들과 일부 지식인층 사이에서는 이 다큐가 서구의 치명적인 오해를 폭로했다는 점에서 긍정적인 평가를 받았습니다.

• 핵심 가치의 차이 인식: <내셔널 리뷰(National Review)> 같은 매체는 이 영화가 미국 대학 캠퍼스에서 반드시 상영되어야 한다고 주장했습니다. <평화>와 <정의>라는 단어가 이슬람주의자들에게는 서구와 완전히 다른 의미로 쓰인다는 점을 명확히 짚어냈다는 이유였습니다.

• 교육적 가치: 일부 교육 매체 리뷰어들은 이슬람의 역사를 체계적이고 방법론적으로 분석했다며, 비교 종교학이나 중동 정치를 연구하는 학생들에게 추천하기도 했습니다.

2. 비판적인 반응: 일방적이고 건조한 강의 방식

반면, 영화적 완성도나 중립성에 대해서는 비판이 많았습니다.

• 지나치게 긴 나레이션: 약 2시간 30분의 상영 시간 동안 나레이션이 끊이지 않고 이어지는데, 이를 두고 <그림이 곁들여진 지루한 강의> 같다는 혹평이 있었습니다. 알 고어의 <불편한 진실>과 비교하며, 시각적인 재미가 떨어진다는 지적도 있었습니다.

• 전문성 및 중립성 부족: 영화 내에 나레이터의 주장을 뒷받침하거나 반박할 만한 외부 전문가의 인터뷰가 단 한 건도 없다는 점이 큰 약점으로 꼽혔습니다. 시청자가 그 분야의 전문가가 아닌 이상, 감독의 자의적인 해석을 검증할 길이 없다는 비판이었습니다.

• 우편향적 시각: 비평가들은 이 영화가 중동 갈등을 해결하려는 이스라엘의 노력을 <나약한 유화책>으로 규정하는 등 우파적 색채가 짙다고 평가했습니다.

3. 대중적 수용도: 매니아층과 온라인 반응

일반 대중 사이에서는 널리 알려진 흥행작은 아니었지만, 특정 관심층 사이에서 꾸준히 회자되었습니다.

• 온라인 평점: 주요 플랫폼인 IMDb에서는 10점 만점에 6.2점, 아마존 프라임 비디오에서는 5점 만점에 3.2점 정도의 중간 수준 평점을 기록하고 있습니다. 시청자들은 <무겁고 강렬한(Heavy & Intense)> 다큐멘터리로 인식했습니다.

종합하자면, 2007년 당시 이 다큐는 중동 문제를 바라보는 보수적·전략적 시각을 체계화한 자료로 인정받으면서도, 한편으로는 영화적 기교가 부족하고 지나치게 일방적인 해석을 담은 선전물이라는 비판을 동시에 받았습니다.

세진님께서는 이 다큐의 분석 방식이 실제 역사적 사실과 얼마나 부합한다고 보시는지 궁금합니다. 혹시 감독인 조엘 길버트(Joel Gilbert)의 다른 작품이나 이와 상반된 시각의 자료에 대해서도 알고 싶으신가요?

==

3️⃣ <이란–이스라엘 갈등의 진짜 핵심: 팔레스타인인가, 중동 패권인가>

==

제 판단은 이렇습니다.
<이란–이스라엘 갈등의 진짜 핵심은 “둘 중 하나”가 아니라, 구조적으로는 중동 패권 경쟁이고, 정당성·동원·상징의 차원에서는 팔레스타인입니다.> 다시 말해, <엔진은 패권 경쟁>, <연료는 팔레스타인>에 가깝습니다. 최근 중동 분석들도 이 지역 질서가 이란·이스라엘·사우디·튀르키예 같은 주요 국가들의 세력권 경쟁으로 재편되고 있다고 보면서, 동시에 이스라엘–팔레스타인 문제가 여전히 아랍 여론과 지역 질서를 흔드는 “중심 쟁점”이라고 평가합니다.

이란 쪽에서 보면, 팔레스타인은 단순한 외교 구호가 아닙니다. 1979년 혁명 이후 이란은 팔레스타인 문제를 반이스라엘·반미 질서의 핵심 상징으로 삼았고, 하마스와 가자 내 다른 세력들에 군사·물류 지원을 제공해 왔다고 Carnegie는 정리합니다. 다만 그 보고서는 동시에 이것이 팔레스타인 해방만을 위한 순수한 연대가 아니라, 이란이 지역 영향력을 넓히고 팔레스타인 대표성에서 팔레스타인 자치정부를 약화시키는 결과도 낳았다고 지적합니다. 즉, <팔레스타인은 이란의 진심이기도 하지만, 동시에 지정학의 도구이기도 합니다.>

이스라엘 쪽에서 보면, 이란은 단지 “팔레스타인을 내세우는 국가”가 아니라, 레반트 전체에서 이스라엘을 압박할 수 있는 <전방 배치형 위협>입니다. USIP는 아사드 정권 붕괴가 이란에 큰 타격이었다고 평가하면서, 시리아가 이란의 유일한 가까운 국가 동맹이었고, 레바논 헤즈볼라에 무기와 장비를 보내는 핵심 통로였으며, 이스라엘에 맞서는 레반트 투사의 중심축이었다고 설명합니다. 이것은 이란의 대이스라엘 전략이 단순한 팔레스타인 수사보다 훨씬 넓은 <전략적 포위와 억지 네트워크>에 기초해 있음을 보여줍니다.

따라서 군사·안보의 차원에서는 팔레스타인보다 <세력균형과 억지 구조>가 더 핵심입니다. 이스라엘은 이란의 핵·미사일 능력, 헤즈볼라·시리아·이라크·예멘으로 이어지는 네트워크, 그리고 자국 주변에서의 군사적 발판을 더 근본적 위협으로 봅니다. Carnegie는 최근 중동이 “이념보다 차가운 힘의 계산”이 지배하는 공간이 되었고, 각 국가는 자신이 아닌 다른 지역 패권국의 등장을 막으려 한다고 설명합니다. 이 문맥에서 이스라엘과 이란의 충돌은 본질적으로 <누가 레반트와 주변 해역·국경지대에서 주도권을 잡느냐>의 문제입니다.

그렇다고 팔레스타인을 부차화하면 현실을 놓치게 됩니다. Carnegie는 미국이 이스라엘–팔레스타인 문제에서 신뢰할 수 있는 중재자가 되지 못했고, 이 실패가 아랍 여론을 소외시키며 지역 불안정을 심화시켰다고 평가합니다. 또 가자 전쟁 이후 이스라엘의 군사행동이 아랍 세계의 분노를 키워 이스라엘과의 정상화의 정당성을 약화시켰다고 분석합니다. 즉, <팔레스타인은 이란이 지역에서 명분을 얻는 가장 강력한 정치적 자원>이며, 이스라엘이 지역적으로 고립될 수 있는 가장 취약한 지점이기도 합니다.

세진님 질문에 더 직접 답하면,
<“왜 싸우는가?”>에 대한 답은 패권 경쟁 쪽이 더 가깝고,
<“왜 이 갈등이 중동 전체를 흔드는가?”>에 대한 답은 팔레스타인 쪽이 더 가깝습니다.
국가 전략가의 언어로 보면 이란–이스라엘 갈등은 세력권 경쟁입니다. 그러나 거리의 여론, 종교적 상징, 정권 정당성, 아랍 체제의 딜레마라는 차원에서 보면 팔레스타인이 중심입니다.

한마디로 정리하면 이렇습니다.
<팔레스타인은 명분의 중심이고, 중동 패권은 행동의 중심입니다.>
둘을 떼어놓으면 실제 갈등 구조가 보이지 않습니다. 이란은 팔레스타인을 통해 자신을 “저항 축”의 중심으로 정당화하고, 이스라엘은 이란의 그 네트워크 전체를 실존적 위협으로 봅니다. 그래서 이 갈등은 <팔레스타인 문제를 둘러싼 도덕·정치의 싸움인 동시에, 지역 질서 재편을 둘러싼 힘의 싸움>입니다.

<English>

My view is this:
<The real core of the Iran–Israel conflict is not one or the other. Structurally, it is a struggle for regional power; in terms of legitimacy, mobilization, and symbolism, it is Palestine.> In other words, <regional rivalry is the engine, Palestine is the fuel>. Recent Middle East analyses describe the region as increasingly shaped by competition among major powers such as Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye, while also stressing that the Israeli-Palestinian issue remains a paramount regional concern that destabilizes Arab public opinion and regional politics.

From Iran’s perspective, Palestine is not merely rhetorical. Since the 1979 revolution, Tehran has treated Palestine as a central symbol of anti-Israel and anti-U.S. resistance. Carnegie notes that Iran has provided military and logistical backing to Hamas and other factions in Gaza. At the same time, that report also argues that this policy has not been only about Palestinian liberation; it has also served Iran’s broader regional ambitions and weakened the Palestinian Authority’s claim to represent Palestinian interests. So <for Iran, Palestine is both conviction and instrument>.

From Israel’s perspective, Iran is not just a state that speaks in the name of Palestine. It is a <forward-positioned strategic threat> across the Levant. USIP argues that the fall of Assad was a major blow to Iran because Syria had been Iran’s only close state ally in the Middle East, the key conduit for supplying Hezbollah, and the linchpin of Tehran’s ability to project power against Israel in the Levant. That means Iran’s anti-Israel posture is built not only on Palestinian solidarity but on a wider architecture of deterrence, encirclement, and power projection.

So in military and security terms, <regional balance of power matters more than Palestine alone>. Israel’s deeper concern is Iran’s missile and nuclear capabilities, its network through Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen, and its ability to create pressure on multiple fronts. Carnegie recently described the region as one increasingly shaped less by ideology than by cold calculations of power, in which states seek spheres of influence and try to prevent the rise of rival hegemons. In that sense, the Iran–Israel clash is fundamentally about <who shapes the regional order>.

But downgrading Palestine would miss something essential. Carnegie argues that the United States has repeatedly failed to act as a credible broker on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and that this failure continues to alienate Arab public opinion and undermine regional stability. It also notes that the Gaza war intensified outrage in the Arab world and weakened the legitimacy of normalization with Israel. That means <Palestine remains the most powerful source of political legitimacy for Iran’s “resistance” posture and one of Israel’s deepest vulnerabilities in the regional arena>.

So the clearest answer is this:
If the question is <“What drives state behavior?”>, the answer is regional power competition.
If the question is <“What gives this conflict mass resonance and moral force across the Middle East?”>, the answer is Palestine.

In one sentence:
<Palestine is the center of legitimacy; regional rivalry is the center of action.>
The conflict is both a moral-political struggle around Palestine and a hard geopolitical contest over the future order of the Middle East.

==

==

==