Saturday, May 2, 2026

Narges Mohammadi – White Torture – 2023 - NobelPrize

Narges Mohammadi – Facts – 2023 - NobelPrize.org

Narges Mohammadi

Narges Mohammadi
Nobel Peace Prize 2023

Born: 21 April 1972, Zanjan, Iran

Residence at the time of the award: Iran

Prize motivation: “for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”

Prize share: 1/1

A champion of equality and women’s rights



The Nobel Peace Prize for 2023 was awarded to the imprisoned Iranian human rights advocate Narges Mohammadi. More than 20 years of fighting for women’s rights made her a symbol of freedom and standard-bearer in the struggle against the Iranian theocracy. In 2003, she joined the Defenders of Human Rights Center, founded by that year’s Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Shirin Ebadi. In the years that followed, Ms Mohammadi helped imprisoned activists, led a campaign against the death penalty and criticized the regime’s use of torture and sexualized violence.

The freedom struggle cost her dearly. She was arrested 13 times and sentenced to 31 years in prison and 154 lashes. In October 2023, when her selection as the Nobel Peace Prize laureate was announced, she was locked in Tehran’s notorious Evin prison.

From captivity, Narges Mohammadi stood at the forefront of major protests against the Iranian regime in autumn 2022. The unrest had been triggered by the arrest, mistreatment and death of a young Kurdish woman, Mahsa Jina Amini, at the hands of the morality police. Her crime: not adequately covering her hair. The authorities responded harshly against the demonstrators. More than 500 were killed, thousands were injured, and at least 20 000 were arrested.

Narges Mohammadi commented on her peace prize as follows: “I will never stop striving for the realization of democracy, freedom and equality. Surely, the Nobel Peace Prize will make me more resilient, determined, hopeful and enthusiastic.”

To cite this section
MLA style: Narges Mohammadi – Facts – 2023. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach 2026. Sat. 2 May 2026. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2023/mohammadi/facts/>

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이란 노벨평화상 수상자 나르게스 모하마디, 옥중 의료 방치 끝 위급 이송 국제사회 촉각
이겨례 기자 | 입력 2026.05.02 12:10
   
이란 노벨평화상 수상자 나르게스 모하마디, 옥중 의료 방치 끝 위급 이송 국제사회 촉각
©연합뉴스
 

이란의 노벨평화상 수상자 나르게스 모하마디(54)가 수감 중 심각한 건강 악화로 병원에 긴급 이송되었다. 가족과 변호인단은 지난해 12월 체포 이후 140일간 이란 당국의 체계적인 의료 방치가 있었다고 강하게 비판한다. 국제사회는 이란의 인권 상황에 대한 우려를 재차 표명하며 이란 정부의 책임 있는 조치를 요구하고 있다.

이란의 대표적인 인권운동가이자 2023년 노벨평화상 수상자인 나르게스 모하마디가 교도소에서 발생한 심각한 건강 문제로 병원으로 옮겨졌다고 AP통신이 1일(현지시간) 보도하였다. 모하마디의 건강 악화는 국제사회의 이목을 집중시키며 이란 내 인권 탄압 실태에 대한 비판적 시각을 더욱 강화하는 양상이다. 그녀의 가족이 운영하는 나르게스재단은 모하마디가 이란 북서부 잔잔에 있는 교도소에서 두 차례 실신한 후 병원으로 이송되었다고 전한다.


모하마디는 앞서 지난 3월 24일 의식을 잃은 채 동료 수감자에게 발견되었으며, 당시 교도소 의사는 심장마비 가능성이 높다고 진단하였다. 이러한 진단에도 불구하고 적절한 의료 조치가 이루어지지 않았다는 주장이 제기되었다. 변호인단은 며칠 후 모하마디를 면회하였을 때 그녀의 안색이 창백하고 저체중 상태였으며, 걷기 위해 간호사의 도움이 필요했다고 증언한다.

가족들은 몇 주 동안 모하마디를 적절한 의료 시설로 이송해 달라고 지속적으로 요구하였으나, 이란 당국은 이를 거부하였다. 법정 대리인인 쉬린 아르다카니는 모하마디가 병원 이송이나 심장 전문의 치료를 거부당했다고 밝혔다. 변호인단이 모하마디를 짧게 면회하는 동안에도 교도소 관계자가 배석하여 면회 내용에 대한 감시가 이루어졌다고 알려진다.

나르게스재단은 이번 병원 이송을 두고 지난해 12월 12일 체포 이후 140일간 이어진 체계적인 의료 방치 끝에 나온 조치라고 비판하였다. 테헤란에 있는 전담 의료팀은 지속적으로 치료를 권고해왔으나, 교도소 의사들이 현장에서 모하마디의 상태를 더 이상 관리할 수 없다고 판단하면서 불가피하게 이송이 이루어졌다는 설명이다. 이란 인권운동가에 대한 당국의 대응 방식이 도마 위에 오르고 있다.


재단은 가족을 인용하여 이번 병원 이송이 모하마디의 위급한 필요를 해결하기에는 너무 늦었을지도 모르는 절박한 마지막 순간의 조치였다고 우려를 표명한다. 이란 여성 인권 탄압에 대한 국제사회의 관심이 높아지는 가운데, 노벨평화상 수상자의 건강 악화는 이란 정부에 대한 비난 여론을 더욱 증폭시킬 것으로 보인다. 특히 잔잔 교도소 내 의료 시스템과 수감자 인권 보호에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있다.

모하마디는 이란의 사형 집행과 여성 복장 규율에 반대하는 운동을 벌이며 반정부 인사의 대명사로 자리매김하였다. 그녀는 2001년부터 25년간 여러 차례 투옥과 석방을 반복하며 이란 여성의 자유와 인권을 위한 투쟁을 멈추지 않았다. 그녀의 끈질긴 활동은 국제사회에서 높은 평가를 받았다.

이란 여성에 대한 탄압에 저항하고 인권과 자유를 위한 투쟁에 앞장선 공로를 인정받아 모하마디는 2023년 노벨평화상을 옥중 수상하였다. 건강상의 이유로 2024년 말 형 집행이 정지되어 임시 석방된 후에도 그녀는 자신이 수감되었던 교도소 앞에서 시위를 벌이는 등 활동을 이어갔다. 그러나 작년 12월 12일 한 인권변호사의 추모식에 참석했다가 다시 체포되었다.

일부 외신 분석에 따르면, 이란 당국은 모하마디와 같은 저명한 인권운동가의 활동을 억압하기 위해 의도적으로 의료 접근권을 제한하는 경향을 보여왔다. 국제 인권 전문가들은 "이란 정부가 자국민의 기본적인 인권을 보장하고 국제적인 의무를 준수해야 한다"고 강조하며, 모하마디 사례는 인권 침해의 심각성을 보여주는 대표적인 예시라고 지적한다. 이란 정부는 이러한 비판에 대해 자국 법률에 따른 정당한 절차라고 주장하는 경우가 많다.

모하마디의 건강 악화와 병원 이송은 이란의 인권 상황에 대한 국제사회의 압력을 더욱 강화할 전망이다. 국제 앰네스티와 휴먼라이츠워치 등 주요 국제 인권 단체들은 이란 당국에 모하마디에 대한 즉각적이고 적절한 의료 지원을 촉구하고 있다. 향후 이란 정부가 국제사회의 요구에 어떻게 대응할지, 그리고 이것이 이란의 외교 관계와 국내 정치에 어떠한 영향을 미 미칠지 귀추가 주목된다.

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Narges Mohammadi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Narges Mohammadi
نرگس محمدی
Born21 April 1972 (age 54)
Zanjan, Iran
EducationImam Khomeini International University (BS)
Organizations
MovementNeo-Shariatism
Spouse
 
​
(m. 2001)​
Children2
Awards

Narges Mohammadi (Persian: نرگس محمدی; born 21 April 1972) is an Iranian human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. She has been imprisoned in Iran for several periods since 2016. She is back in prison after receiving a sentence of seven and a half years on 8 February 2026, but has had several health issues in recent years.

After working for some years as a journalist, in 2003 Mohammadi joined the Defenders of Human Rights Center (DHRC), headed by Shirin Ebadi, later becoming vice president. In May 2016, she was sentenced in Tehran to 16 years' imprisonment for "establishing and running the illegal splinter group Legam". She was released in 2020 but sent back to prison in 2021, where she continued to provide reports of the abuse and solitary confinement of detained women. Mohammadi has been a vocal proponent of mass feminist civil disobedience against the mandatory hijab in Iran, and was a vocal critic of the hijab and chastity program of 2023. She has had many health issues since late 2024, including surgery to remove part of a bone in her right leg due to cancer. She was again arrested in December 2025. On 8 February 2026, she was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. On 1 April it was reported that she was in poor health following a suspected heart attack. On 1 May, it was reported that she had been transferred to a nearby hospital; her family expressed concern for her life.

She has been the recipient of many human rights awards. In October 2023, while in prison, she was awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize "for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all".

Early life and education

Narges Mohammadi was born on 21 April 1972 in Zanjan, Iran,[1][2] to an Iranian Azerbaijani family[3] and grew up in Karaj and the Kurdish cities of Qorveh and Oshnaviyeh.[4][5]

She attended Qazvin International University, receiving a degree in physics, and became a professional [further explanation needed]. During this time, she wrote articles supporting women's rights in the student newspaper and was arrested at two meetings of the political student group Tashakkol Daaneshjuyi Roshangaraan ("Enlightened Student Group").[2][6] She was also active in a mountain climbing group but was later banned from joining climbs due to her political activities.[2]

Activism

Mohammadi went on to work as a journalist for several reformist newspapers and published a book of political essays titled The reforms, the Strategy and the Tactics.[6] As other thinkers exploring the idea of Neo-Shariatism in the 1990s, they[who?] advanced a view of governance that "rejected the concept of an Islamic state and advocated (instead) a secular, or urfi, democracy".[7][8] Mohammadi wrote for the magazine Message of Syndicate, edited by Robert Bruchim in Tehran.[when?][citation needed]

In 2003, she joined the Defenders of Human Rights Center (DHRC), headed by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi;[1][2] she later (by 2012) became the organization's vice president.[9]

Mohammadi has been a vocal proponent of mass feminist civil disobedience against the mandatory hijab in Iran and a vocal critic of hijab and chastity program of 2023.[10][11]

Imprisonment

Between 1998[6] and October 2023, Mohammadi was arrested 13 times and sentenced to 31 years in prison and 154 lashes.[1]

Mohammadi was first arrested in 1998 for her criticisms of the Iranian government and spent a year in prison.[6] In April 2010, she was summoned to the Islamic Revolutionary Court for her membership in the DHRC. She was briefly released on a US$50,000 bail but re-arrested several days later and detained at Evin Prison in Tehran.[2][12] Mohammadi's health declined while in custody, and she developed an epilepsy-like disease, causing her to periodically lose muscle control. After a month, she was released and allowed to seek medical treatment.[12]

In July 2011, Mohammadi was prosecuted again[2] and found guilty of "acting against the national security, membership of the DHRC and propaganda against the regime."[12] In September, she was sentenced to 11 years' imprisonment. Mohammadi stated that she had learned of the verdict only through her lawyers and had been "given an unprecedented 23-page judgement issued by the court in which they repeatedly likened my human rights activities to attempts to topple the regime."[12] In March 2012, the sentence was upheld by an appeals court, though it was reduced to six years.[13] On 26 April, she was arrested to begin her sentence.[9]

The sentence was protested by the British Foreign Office, which called it "another sad example of the Iranian authorities' attempts to silence brave human rights defenders."[12] Amnesty International designated her a prisoner of conscience and called for her immediate release.[14] Reporters Without Borders issued an appeal on Mohammadi's behalf on the ninth anniversary of photographer Zahra Kazemi's death in Evin Prison, stating that Mohammadi was a prisoner whose life was "in particular danger."[15] In July 2012, an international group of lawmakers called for her release, including US Senator Mark Kirk, former Canadian Attorney General Irwin Cotler, UK MP Denis MacShane, Australian MP Michael Danby, Italian MP Fiamma Nirenstein, and Lithuanian MP Emanuelis Zingeris.[16] On 31 July 2012, Mohammadi was released from prison.[17]

On 31 October 2014, Mohammadi made a speech at the gravesite of Sattar Beheshti, stating, "How is it that the Parliament Members are suggesting a Plan for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, but nobody spoke up two years ago when an innocent human being by the name of Sattar Beheshti died under torture in the hands of his interrogator?" The video of her speech quickly went viral on social media networks, resulting in Evin Prison court summoning her.

In the summons I received on 5 November 2014, it is stated that I must turn myself in 'for charges', but there is no further explanation about these charges.[18]

— Narges Mohammadi

On 5 May 2015, Mohammadi was once again arrested on the basis of new charges.[19] Branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court sentenced her to ten years' imprisonment on the charge of "founding an illegal group" in reference to Legam (the Campaign for Step by Step Abolition of the Death Penalty), five years for "assembly and collusion against national security," a year for "propaganda against the system" for her interviews with international media and her March 2014 meeting with the EU's then High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton.[20] In May 2016, she was sentenced in Tehran to 16 years' imprisonment for "establishing and running the illegal splinter group Legam."[21]

In January 2019, Mohammadi began a hunger strike with the detained British-Iranian citizen Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe in Evin Prison to protest being denied access to medical care.[22] In July 2020, she showed symptoms of a COVID-19 infection, from which she appeared to have recovered by August.[23] On 8 October 2020, Mohammadi was released from prison.[24]

In March 2021, Mohammadi penned the foreword to the Iran Human Rights Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran:

The execution of people like Navid Afkari and Ruhollah Zam in the past year, have been the most ambiguous executions in Iran. Issuing the death penalty for Ahmadreza Djalali is one of the most erroneous sentences and the reasons for the issuance of these death sentences need to be carefully examined. These people have been sentenced to death after being held in solitary confinement and subjected to horrific psychological and mental torture, that is why I do not consider the judicial process to be fair or just; I see keeping defendants in solitary confinement, forcing them to make untrue and false confessions that are used as the key evidence in issuing these sentences. That's why I am particularly worried about the recent arrests in Sistan and Baluchistan and Kurdistan, and I hope that anti-death penalty organisations will pay special attention to the detainees because I fear that we will be facing another wave of executions over the coming year.[25]

In May 2021, Branch 1188 of Criminal Court Two in Tehran sentenced Mohammadi to two and a half years in prison, 80 lashes, and two separate fines for charges including "spreading propaganda against the system". Four months later, she received a summons to begin serving this sentence, which she did not respond to as she considered the conviction unjust.[26] On 16 November 2021, Mohammadi was arrested in Karaj, Alborz, while attending a memorial for Ebrahim Ketabdar [fa], who was killed by Iranian security forces during nationwide protests in November 2019.[27] Her arrest was condemned as arbitrary by Amnesty International and the International Federation for Human Rights.[26][28]

In December 2022, during the Mahsa Amini protests, the BBC published a report by Mohammadi detailing the sexual and physical abuse of detained women.[29] In January 2023, she gave a report from prison detailing the condition of women in Evin Prison, including a list of 58 prisoners and the interrogation process and tortures they had gone through;[30] 57 of the women had spent a total of 8350 days in solitary confinement,[31] and 56 of them were sentenced to 3300 months in total.[32]

I declare once more that [solitary confinement] is a cruel and inhumane punishment, I will not rest until it is abolished.[33]

— Narges Mohammadi

Mohammadi has been an outspoken critic of solitary confinement, calling it ""White Torture" in her 2022 book White Torture: Interviews with Iranian Women Prisoners.[34] In September 2023, she supported Mehdi Yarrahi after his arrest for the protest song "Roosarito".[35] She was being held in Evin Prison when she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October 2023.[1]

In May 2024, Mohammadi announced that she was facing fresh charges of offences against the state of Iran.[36] It was reported on 19 November 2024 that she had undergone complex surgery in Iran that saw part of a bone in her right leg removed over cancer fears, but she was returned to prison.[37] She was granted a temporary leave from prison in December 2024[38] for three weeks to have medical treatment, following her earlier surgery for a potentially cancerous bone lesion.[39]

In January 2025, she announced that she had finished writing her autobiography, and was writing a book on abuses and sexual harassment against women detained in Iran.[40] In July 2025 the Norwegian Nobel Committee reported that Mohammadi had been threatened with "physical elimination" by Iran.[41][42]

On 12 December 2025, Mohammadi was rearrested while attending a memorial ceremony for a deceased human rights lawyer Khosrow Alikordi in Mashhad.[43] The Nobel Committee urged Iran to disclose her whereabouts.[44] On 15 December it was reported that, following her arrest, which involved blows to the head and neck, she was hospitalized twice in the emergency room.[45][46]

On 28 January 2026, the Narges Mohammadi Human Rights Foundation, along with several other Iranian intellectuals, including Amirsalar Davoudi, Hatam Ghaderi, Abolfazl Ghadyani, Mehdi Mahmoudian, Abdollah Momeni, Mohammad Najafi, Jafar Panahi, Mohammad Rasoulof, Nasrin Sotoudeh, and Sedigheh Vasmaghi, published a statement on Instagram asserting that the 2026 Iran massacres were a crime against humanity, accusing Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei of holding principal responsibility.[47]

On 8 February 2026, an Iranian court in the north-eastern city of Mashhad sentenced Mohammadi to seven years and six months (six years for "gathering and collusion", and 18 months for "propaganda activities"[48]) in prison and two years of internal exile in South Khorasan, with the sentences running concurrently, so a total of six years.[49] She did not defend herself, as she believes that the Iranian judiciary is illegitimate,[48] but went on a hunger strike for a week to protest her detention conditions.[50]

AP News reported on 1 April 2026 that she had most likely had a heart attack. According to her lawyers who visited her in Zanjan Prison, she was in bad condition, had lost weight, and was found unconscious on 24 March.[51] The prison doctor who examined her said she had had a heart attack.[52] She remained unconscious for over an hour, and despite her serious condition, she was only treated in the prison infirmary, and not taken to hospital.[50] On 15 April, it was reported that she was in critical condition.[53]

On 1 May, it was reported that Narges Mohammadi's health had deteriorated while in prison to such an extent that she had been transferred to a nearby hospital; her family expressed concern for her life.[54]

Personal life

In 2001[55] (or 1999?), she married fellow pro-reform journalist Taghi Rahmani, who was soon arrested for the first time.[2][6] Rahmani moved to France in 2012 after serving 14 years of prison sentences, while Mohammadi remained to continue her human rights work.[9] Mohammadi and Rahmani have two children, twins.[2][9]

Mohammadi's brother is Hamidreza Mohammadi, who advocates on his sister's behalf.[50]

Honors and awards

In October 2023, while in prison, she was awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize "for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all".[56][57][58] Four other Iranian women were also candidates: Niloofar Hamedi, Elahe Mohamadi, Masih Alinejad, and Nargest Setude.[59] The text of her Nobel Prize speech, which was smuggled out of Evin prison, was read at the awards ceremony in Oslo by her teenage children, Ali and Kiana Rahmani.[60] The President of the United States, Joe Biden, congratulated her, and mentioned Armita Geravand. The Iranian High Council for Human Rights[61] and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran condemned the decision.[62]

In 2010, when Nobel Peace laureate Shirin Ebadi won the Felix Ermacora Human Rights Award she dedicated it to Mohammadi, saying "This courageous woman deserves this award more than I do".[63]

Other awards received by Mohammadi include:

Works

References

  1.  "Nobel Peace Prize 2023". NobelPrize.org. 21 April 1972. Archived from the original on 27 March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  2.  Muhammad Sahimi (10 May 2012). "Nationalist, Religious, and Resolute: Narges Mohammadi". PBS. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  3.  "Iranian Peace laureate Mohammadi: 'lioness' locked up for challenging Tehran". Reuters. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023. Born in the city of Zanjan in northern Iran in 1972 into a family from Iran's Azeri ethnic minority, Mohammadi began her activism while a student studying physics at a university in nearby Qazvin.
  4.  "Nobel Peace Prize goes to jailed Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi". Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  5.  "Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi gets Nobel Peace Prize". sawtbeirut.com. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  6.  "Narges Mohammadi, from Iran, recepient [sic] of the international Alexander Langer award 2009". Alexander Langer Foundation. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  7.  Shahibzadeh, Yadullah (2016). Islamism and Post-Islamism in Iran: An Intellectual History. Springer. p. 178. ISBN 9781137578259.
  8.  Pourmokhtari Yakhdani, Navid (2018). Iran's Green Movement: A Foucauldian Account of Everyday Resistance, Political Contestation and Social Mobilization in the Post-Revolutionary Period (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Edmonton: Department of Political Science, University of Alberta. p. 178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
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